The book “Money laundering phenomenon – foundations, trends, impact and governance in banking industry” explores foundation, models (methods) to measure money laundering, trends, auditing Anti-Money Laundering structures in banking industry, AML risk assessment, impact/effects of money laundering, governance, and regulatory point of view.

The book includes some models that have been used to measure the amount of money laundering, respectively the effect of money laundering in various macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, consumption, investment, government expenditure, export and import. Moreover, there are presented some trends that may dominate in the AML field for coming years.

The strengthening of international cooperation in the field of anti-money laundering have given power to international organisations to recommend mitigating measures, standards and principles and applying them in practise, this is why in the book a special chapter is dedicated to international bodies and organisations to fight money laundering phenomenon.

Due to high importance of the AML risk assessment, as a risk management mechanism framework, a specific chapter is dedicated to it.

A special attention is dedicated to the auditing of AML structures in banking and the role of audit in general to AML field.

Last, but not least, in the book a chapter is dedicated to determinants of informal economy, since money laundering and informal economy are interconnected and needs to be studied as one of the challenges for countries.

We believe our book contributes to current literature on money laundering phenomena and that it is important for bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, and students.

This book is written for the students of undergraduate and graduate programs of Business and Economics departments as well as for the academic researchers. It is designed especially for the students and researchers who do not have strong mathematics or statistics background. It encompasses basic to advance time series data analysis tools. Special focus is given to applications and interpretations of the results.

Uzun süreli genç işsizlik, beraberinde pek çok yapısal sorunu getirdiği ve beslediğinden dolayı son dönemde özellikle Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde araştırmalara sıklıkla konu olmaktadır. Şüphesiz ki işsizlik süresi arttıkça hem bireyler hem de toplumlar için işsizliğin maliyeti de artmaktadır. Bu yüzden uzun süreli genç işsizliğine yönelik mücadele politikalarının geliştirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir.

Türkiye’de uzun süreli genç işsizliğiyle mücadele politikalarına yön vermeyi amaçlayan kitap, bu sorunun sosyo-ekonomik belirleyicilerini alan araştırmasıyla destekleyerek okuyucuya sunmaktadır.

The book “Digital Transformation in Banking Industry – Financial Security, Audit and Business Perspective” explores the effect of digital transformation on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime by focusing on digital Know Your Client (eKYC), artificial intelligence in AML, crypto currency, and virtual assets by drawing attention on ongoing compliance challenges in “virtual assets era”. Furthermore, it explores Fintechs and future of conventional banking as well as remote auditing in banking industry.

This edition explores Fintechs and the future of conventional banking. This is to examine the Fintech structures that have recently gained great importance in the world and to evaluate the possible effects of the developments on traditional banking in the future. Considering the innovations that Fintech structures bring to payment systems, their impact on credit markets and the structure of blockchain-linked contracts, it is expected that they will have greater effects on the financial system in the future. In this context, the book analysis the effects of these structures on traditional banking by including the recent literature on the subject.

Remote auditing is one of the common methods that is suitable for today’s world with its flexible and technology-based structure. In our book we have dedicated a chapter which explores remote auditing (also known as virtual audit) and challenges as well as advantages of applying it.

A chapter is dedicated to AML Programs in Banking Industry in Covid-19 Era, which identifies challenges, good practices, and policy reactions to new ML/TF risks which can be also defined as financial security risks arising during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and due to impact of digital transformation in banking industry.

A special attention is dedicated to the artificial intelligence in AML structures in banking and the role of artificial intelligence for detecting money laundering cases by decreasing the number of “false alerts” and increasing the quality of “real matches”. The book explores the role of artificial intelligence on increasing the efficiency and decreasing the manual work on daily basis for AML Compliance Officers.

The book explores virtual currency and blockchain by identifying ongoing compliance challenges from decentralized platforms, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchangers, anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies, and “jurisdictional arbitrage” (the ability of criminal actors to route their activity through countries with weak AML/CFT regimes). Blockchain/ Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) applications aside, certain properties of Virtual Currencies (including VCs associated with Initial Coin Offering – ICOs) entail special Financial Crimes Compliance (FCC) risks, some of which are detailed in our book.

Nowadays the Digital Identity (DI) services help financial institutions, especially banking industry, to offer several services efficiently and properly to their clients. By keeping this in mind, the measures for Covid-19, offering services in distance remains the best solution in the market. The DI provides provable and sharable identity, which is particularly important when on-boarding clients but also has a key protection role to play when users are transacting. In our book we have dedicated a chapter related to digital ID system and eKYC.

We believe this edition contributes to current literature for the effect of digital transformation in banking industry from the financial security, audit and business perspective and it is important for compliance officers and bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, students, and professionals in the field of compliance.

Bu kitapta aşağıda kısaca yer alan yedi alt bölümde, şirketler ve finansal kurumların çeşitli açılardan değerlendirilmelerine yönelik istatistiki analizler yapılmış, bunların sonuçları detaylı olarak farklı açılardan değerlendirilmiş ve ilgili taraflara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Kitabın birinci bölümünde; Borsa İstanbul’daki imalat şirketlerinin kârlılığı üzerine etkili olan finansal oranlar analiz edilmiştir.

İkinci bölümde; Borsa İstanbul gözaltı pazarı işletmelerinin faaliyet durumunun ENTROPİ ve ARAS yöntemleriyle analizi yapılmıştır.

Üçüncü bölümde; işletmelerin aktif kârlılığı üzerinde etkili olan faaliyet oranları panel veri analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir

Dördüncü bölümde; katılım bankalarının kârlılıklarının VIKOR yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.

Beşinci bölümde; katılım bankacılığının karlılığını etkileyen finansal oranların belirlenmesine yönelik Panel Regresyon yöntemi ile bir analiz yapılmıştır.

Altıncı bölümde; bir havayolu işletmesinin insan kaynakları temin süreci çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden TOPSİS yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.

Yedinci bölümde ise Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren bazı havalimanlarının gelişmişliklerine göre sıralanması gri ilişkisel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir.

Kitabın işletmeler başta olmak üzere, yatırımcılara, lisans ve lisansüstü öğrencilere ve akademik anlamda araştırmacılara yararlı olması temennisiyle…

Yazarlar:

Eda ÇINAROĞLU, Haşim BAĞCI, Metin AKTAŞ, Nihal DORUK,

Ömer Faruk RENÇBER, Ramazan AKBULUT, Tunahan AVCI

Son dönemlerde Türkiye’de konut ve kentleşme kavramları, kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarının da etkisiyle dikkat çeken konular arasında yer almaktadır. Oluşturulan plan ve programların temelinde yer alan ve öncelikli konulardan biri olan konut kavramı, bu kitabın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Mikroekonomik açıdan konut piyasasının gelişimi ve makro açıdan ise konut piyasasının büyüme ile olan ilişkisi çalışmada yer alan konular arasındadır. Bununla birlikte çalışmada tanımlayıcı istatistiklere yer verilerek konut piyasası incelenmekte ve konut talebini belirleyen değişkenler ampirik bir modelleme ile tahmin edilmektedir.

The determinants of local government performance have long been of interest, and have been empirically investigated in a number of recent studies. A general question in this area is: why have some local governments across the countries achieved high rates of performance whilst the others remained at lower levels? Evidence from the relevant literature indicates that some local governments or municipalities, particularly in developed countries, achieve very good performance. Others, in particular those from underdeveloped or developing, have very little or almost no performance.

This research empirically investigates the budgeting conditions in North Cyprus and evaluate how budgeting conditions vary from one municipality to the other in the five major municipalities; Lefkosa, Magusa, Girne, Guzelyurt and Iskele over the period 2004Q1 to 2012Q4. Two types of methodologies are conducted. First; it empirically investigates the determinants of local government deficit by using cointegration techniques. The Johansen co-integration and The Vector Error Correction model (VECM) are applied to test the effect of each element such as own-source revenue, grants, expenditures and debt services on the budget deficit. Second, the study test the convergence hypothesis if similar regions within the country converge to the same long-run steady state by considering five major Cypriot municipalities in the North Cyprus economy.

The results from the empirical analysis on budget deficit findings show that there is evidence of a long-run relationship between general deficit and its determinants. The evidence of causality is found from expenditure and debt to general deficit for Lefkosa municipality. There is unidirectional causality from grant and revenue through deficit for Magusa municipality. Third empirical analysis on convergence introduced that the municipalities with the lowest number of people per staff, commonly diverge from the group mean.