The Belt and Road Initiative is the most ambitious project in the 21^st century. Its main goals are infrastructure development, financial integration, people to people connectivity. Developing countries which desperately need infrastructure upgrade welcomed Chinese investments, finding an opportunity to be connected to global economy. Although economic and political consequences are discussed in the literature, the spatial consequences of the Belt and Road Initiative are neglected. The Belt and Road Initiative lays out six main economic corridors, reconfiguring the space across the continents. Eurasia, where three of six economic corridors pass through, is mostly affected by this spatial process. The countries in Eurasia are linked with corridors on which dry ports, special economic zones, and free trade areas are set up. This signifies new spatial characteristics in Eurasia.

In this book, we attempt to make a comparative evaluation of modern macroeconomic schools: Monetarism and New Classical School based on the Classical System that envisage automatic full employment or natural rate of unemployment (NRU) equilibrium (AFNE or ANRUE) vs. New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics based on the Keynesian System which gives unemployment equilibrium (UNE) or non-automatic NRU equilibrium (NANRUE) due to insufficiency of aggregate demand.

In order to determine which school is relevant, first the basic assumptions of these systems are compared: i) rational vs. adjusted vs. heterogeneous expectations, ii) existence of perfect competition in all markets leading to flexibility of prices and wages vs. imperfect competition giving rise to rigidities, and iii) presence or lack of coordination between markets.

In the final phase of our evaluations the performance of the developed economies are surveyed to establish whether we meet with AFNE or ANRUE or else UNE or NANRUE; and whether policy prescriptions devised by respective schools solve or alleviate the problem at hand when implemented.

Our investigations point out that New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian schools are more relevant compared to Monetarism and New Classical School. The choice between New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics, however, is more difficult to make although New Keynesian Economics seems more widespread than Post-Keynesian Economics. Objectively, Post-Keynesian assumptions seem more realistic; normatively, however, New Keynesian stands seems more fit to the present day move towards globalization.

SMEs have been recognized as important actors of commercial activity most specifically since the second half of the 20th century. Although understanding its customer potential has been named a top priority among many sectors, there is a limited body of knowledge regarding the buying behaviour of SME’s. Many studies and industry practices frame the context within corporate or individual buying behaviour, however few researchers mention SME’s. When mentioned they tend to tie with elitist attributes and consider them as small versions of big enterprises. Studies and industry practices are conformist and assume that SME’s buying behaviour consists of nothing but -ignoring impulsive tendencies- ‘normative’ or ‘conservative’ typologies. However, the lack of application makes this dichotomy untested, which is also what this book aims to scrutinize.

Aile inanç ve değerlerinin hâkim olduğu aile işletmeleri, hem ülke ekonomilerine katkısı hem de sürdürülebilirlik konusundaki üslendiği önemli rol nedeniyle dünya genelinde varlığı azımsanmayacak derecede önemlidir ve önemini sürdürmeye devam edecektir. Global olarak bakıldığında aile işletmelerinin hakim olduğu bir piyasada küçük aile işletmeciliği de sayısal olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Özellikle sektörel açıdan bakıldığında ise küçük aile işletmelerinin, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin büyük çoğunluğunda tüketilen gıdaların % 80’inden fazlasını sağlayarak yoksulluğun azaltılmasına ve gıda güvencesine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunduğu belirtilmektedir (IFAD/UNE, 2013). Küresel ve ulusal düzeyde politika ve uygulamaların çoğunun ekonomik değişkenler odaklı olması, aile işletmeciliği kavramının görünürlüğü ve rolünün yeterince anlaşılamamasına neden olmaktadır. Dünyada son dönemde yaşanan krizler ve afetler aile işletmeciliği konusunu daha fazla ön planda tutmuş ve tarım başta olmak üzere bir çok alanda bu kavram daha görünür hale gelmiştir. Son dönemde yaşanılan Covid-19 pandemisi, küresel tarımsal üretim, gıda üretimi, arz zinciri ve işgücü hareketliliği konularında aile işletmelerinin hem gıda güvencesi hem de gıda arz zinciri üzerindeki öneminin farkına varmamızı sağlamıştır.

Bu kitapta her biri farklı yazarlarca kaleme alınan bölümlerde aile işletmelerinin tanımlanması, tarımda ve kırsalda aile işletmeciliğinin rolü, aile işletmelerinde kurumsallaşma, turizm, örgütlenme, insan kaynakları yönetimi, girişimcilik ve farklı sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren bazı köklü aile işletmeleri konuları ele alınmaktadır.