The author has dwelt, especially in the theoretical part, upon general questions which are side-issues in respect to the theme that he has treated. But this will not seem a digression to those who remember that, strictly speaking, there are no particular philosophical sciences, standing by themselves. Philosophy is unity, and when we treat of Æsthetic or of Logic or of Ethics, we treat always of the whole of philosophy, although illustrating for didactic purposes only one side of that inseparable unity. In like manner, owing to this intimate connexion of all the parts of philosophy, the uncertainty and misunderstanding as to the æsthetic activity, the representative and productive imagination, this firstborn of the spiritual activities, mainstay of the others, generates everywhere else misunderstandings, uncertainties and errors: in Psychology as in Logic, in History as in the Philosophy of Practice. If language is the first spiritual manifestation, and if the æsthetic form is language itself, taken in all its true scientific extension, it is hopeless to try to understand clearly the later and more complicated phases of the life of the spirit, when their first and simplest moment is ill known, mutilated and disfigured. From the explanation of the æsthetic activity is also to be expected the correction of several concepts and the solution of certain philosophic problems which generally seem to be almost desperate. Such is precisely the spirit animating the present work. And if the present attempt and the historical illustrations which accompany it may be of use in winning friends to these studies, by levelling obstacles and indicating paths to be followed; if this happen, especially here in Italy, whose æsthetic traditions (as has been demonstrated in its place) are very noble, the author will consider that he has gained his end, and one of his keenest desires will have been satisfied.

In The Myth of the Female Hand: Forms of Female Power, Şeyda Sivrioğlu explores the symbolic representations and the significance of the female hand as a means to open up literary and critical space for the oppressed and marginalized female figure in different centuries and in different patriarchal cultures and genres. Inalterably, in a culture where creativity is defined purely in male terms, women “exist only to be acted on men, both as literary and sensual objects” (Gilbert and Gubar, 8). This comprehensive study, however, traces the origins of the female hand symbolism from a fairy tale to a play-text and finally to a science fiction novel in order to illustrate how, to borrow Margaret Atwood’s words, the hand as an extension of the brain, in this case the female brain, becomes an important tool for indicating the development of the power of women.

Edebiyat, farklı coğrafyalardaki dünya görüşlerinin, toplumsal değerlerin, duyguların, düşüncelerin ve imgelerin anlatımıdır. Modern dünyanın edebiyata yansımaları 19. yüzyıldan başlayarak, 20. yüzyılda daha da belirginleşmiş olup; insan ilişkilerinde yaşanılan ayrışımlar, zamanla insanların birbirine karşı yabancılaşmasını da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bireyin yaşadığı yabancılaşma sadece karşısında duran kişiye karşı değil, aynı zamanda kendi benliğine karşı da olmuştur. Bu durumun sonucu olarak bireyin, hem kendisiyle hem de başkasıyla yaşadığı kimlik arayışı edebiyatın en önemli konularından biri olmuştur. Bu konuların ifade edilmesi esnasında yazarlar bazı kavram, imge ve metaforları kullanır. Kullanılan bu kavramların en dikkati çeken, bir kişinin birebir aynı görüntüsünü ifade eden, edebi metinlerde de sıklıkla bireyin yaşadığı kimlik karmaşasını ve yabancılaşmayı anlatmak için kullanılan Alman edebiyatı kökenli “Doppelgänger” kavramıdır. “Doppelgänger”, Türkçede “gölge”, “kötü ikiz”, “ikiz öteki”, “öteki”, “eş ruh”, “ikili kahraman” terimleri ile karşılık bulur.