In the legends and allegories and satires represented in these pages the reader will find strange and fervent faiths as well as homely pictures of the world as it is. A vigorous use of the concrete is everywhere evident; abstractions seem not to exist without some physical traits to make them real to the ordinary man. Intensely picturesque and objective are the descriptions of hell and of heaven, of the lands visited by Brandon, of Saint Paul’s otter, of the miracles of Saint Thomas, of the virtues of the coral, and of the traits of Rose and of Violet. To any readers there is unending charm in the natural, simple style of setting forth these details which force vivid conceptions upon the imagination.

From times immemorial, literature has accumulated a large and varied store of all kinds of general ideas and conceptions, material and metaphysical, to which the masters have recourse the moment the over-exacting and over-restless human voice begins to be heard. This is exactly the point. Tchekhov himself, a writer and an educated man, refused in advance every possible consolation, material or metaphysical. Not even in Tolstoi, who set no great store by philosophical systems, will you find such keenly expressed disgust for every kind of conceptions and ideas as in Tchekhov. He is well aware that conceptions ought to be esteemed and respected, and he reckons his inability to bend the knee before that which educated people consider holy as a defect against which he must struggle with all his strength. And he does struggle with all his strength against this defect. But not only is the struggle unavailing; the longer Tchekhov lives, the weaker grows the power of lofty words over him, in spite of his own reason and his conscious will. Finally, he frees himself entirely from ideas of every kind, and loses even the notion of connection between the happenings of life. Herein lies the most important and original characteristic of his creation. Anticipating a little, I would here point to his comedy, The Sea-Gull, where, in defiance of all literary principles, the basis of action appears to be not the logical development of passions, or the inevitable connection between cause and effect, but naked accident, ostentatiously nude. As one reads the play, it seems at times that one has before one a copy of a newspaper with an endless series of news paragraphs, heaped upon one another, without order and without previous plan. Sovereign accident reigns everywhere and in everything, this time boldly throwing the gauntlet to all conceptions. In this, I repeat, is Tchekhov’s greatest originality, and this, strangely enough, is the source of his most bitter experiences. He did not want to be original; he made super-human efforts to be like everybody else: but there is no escaping one’s destiny. How many men, above all among writers, wear their fingers to the bone in the effort to be unlike others, and yet they cannot shake themselves free of cliché—yet Tchekhov was original against his will! Evidently originality does not depend upon the readiness to proclaim revolutionary opinions at all costs. The newest and boldest idea may and often does appear tedious and vulgar. In order to become original, instead of inventing an idea, one must achieve a difficult and painful labour; and, since men avoid labour and suffering, the really new is for the most part born in man against his will.

Bu kitap Yüksek Öğretim Kurulunun hazırladığı eğitim programı esas alınarak meydana getirilmiştir. Kitap üniversitelerin eğitim fakültelerinde lisans ve lisansüstü çalışma ve derslere kaynaklık edecek bilimsel bir yapıdadır. Özellikle yazmanın önemi, yazma eğitimi ve yazma becerisi kavramlarının titizlikle ele alınması gerektiği çağımızda, bu kitabın öğrenme-öğretme süreçlerinde kullanıcılarına yol göstermesi amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece alana farklı bir bakış açısı kazandırmak ve bireylerin yazma ile ilgili akademik düzeyde bilgiye sahip olmasına katkı sağlamak hedeflenmektedir.

Bolu’da Halvetîlik denildiği zamân ilk akla gelen meşhûr mutasavvıflar Mudurnulu Dâvûd El-Halvetî, Kemâl Ümmî, Mustafâ Konrapavî, Göynüklü Akşemseddîn ve Ömer Sikkîn Dede gibi bazı âbide şahsiyetlerdir. Bolu merkezden Mustafâ Safî Efendi, Nasrullâh Sırrı Efendi, Muhammed Reşid Efendi, Gerede’den Aziz Halîl Efendi, Geredeli Abdullâh Efendi ve Mudurnu’dan Halîl Rahmi Efendi ise yine son dönemin önemli Halvetî şeyhleridirler. Mustafâ Safî-i Âmedî Efendi, tarîkat-i Halvetiyyenin dört ana kolundan Cemâliyye koluna bağlıdır. Bu kolun aşağıya doğru şubelenişine bakılacak olursa Halvetiyye-i Şa’bâniyyenin Nasûhiyye şubesinden ayrılan Çerkeşiyye şubesi Mustafa Safî Efendinin de yetiştiği şubedir ancak halîfeliğini aldığı şube ise Halîliyye şubesi olmuştur. Bolu’ya Çerkeşîlik, Şeyh Mustafâ Safî Efendi tarafından Aktaş Dergâhı vâsıtasıyla getirilmiş ve 1813-1846 yılları arası 33 sene boyunca şehir hayatına hâkim kılınmıştır. Safî Efendi, Halvetiyye içerisinde ayrı bir kol kurmamıştır. Tarîkat adabında her dâim Çerkeşî usûlü ile Şeyh Şa’bân-ı Velî’ye bağlı kalınmıştır.