The Belt and Road Initiative is the most ambitious project in the 21^st century. Its main goals are infrastructure development, financial integration, people to people connectivity. Developing countries which desperately need infrastructure upgrade welcomed Chinese investments, finding an opportunity to be connected to global economy. Although economic and political consequences are discussed in the literature, the spatial consequences of the Belt and Road Initiative are neglected. The Belt and Road Initiative lays out six main economic corridors, reconfiguring the space across the continents. Eurasia, where three of six economic corridors pass through, is mostly affected by this spatial process. The countries in Eurasia are linked with corridors on which dry ports, special economic zones, and free trade areas are set up. This signifies new spatial characteristics in Eurasia.

Küreselleşme ve sanayileşme olgusu ile artan iktisadi faaliyetlerin olumlu etkilerinin yanı sıra ortaya koymuş olduğu negatif dışsallıklar dikkatleri insan ve ekonomi açısından oldukça önemli olan çevre konusuna çekmiştir. Çevre ekonomisinin iktisadi düşünceler tarihindeki yerinin incelenmesi çevre konusuna verilen önemin yüzyıllarca süregeldiğini ancak son yıllarda üzerinde oldukça tartışılması gereken bir konu haline dönüştüğünü göstermektedir. Bu noktada kitabımızda çevre ekonomisinin geçmişini inceleyerek geleceğe ışık tutması açısından çevre sorunlarından kaynaklı dışsal maliyetlere uygulanan vergiler ve etkinliği üzerinde durulmuş, çevre ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma ilişkisi çeşitli göstergeler ve indekslerle açıklanmış, ekonomik büyüme ve dışa açıklığın çevre kirliliği üzerindeki etkileri ile ekonomik büyüme ve çevre vergilerinin çevre kirliliğine olan etkisi Kyoto Protokolünün de göz önünde bulundurulduğu çeşitli ampirik modellerle analiz edilmiştir.

In this book, we attempt to make a comparative evaluation of modern macroeconomic schools: Monetarism and New Classical School based on the Classical System that envisage automatic full employment or natural rate of unemployment (NRU) equilibrium (AFNE or ANRUE) vs. New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics based on the Keynesian System which gives unemployment equilibrium (UNE) or non-automatic NRU equilibrium (NANRUE) due to insufficiency of aggregate demand.

In order to determine which school is relevant, first the basic assumptions of these systems are compared: i) rational vs. adjusted vs. heterogeneous expectations, ii) existence of perfect competition in all markets leading to flexibility of prices and wages vs. imperfect competition giving rise to rigidities, and iii) presence or lack of coordination between markets.

In the final phase of our evaluations the performance of the developed economies are surveyed to establish whether we meet with AFNE or ANRUE or else UNE or NANRUE; and whether policy prescriptions devised by respective schools solve or alleviate the problem at hand when implemented.

Our investigations point out that New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian schools are more relevant compared to Monetarism and New Classical School. The choice between New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics, however, is more difficult to make although New Keynesian Economics seems more widespread than Post-Keynesian Economics. Objectively, Post-Keynesian assumptions seem more realistic; normatively, however, New Keynesian stands seems more fit to the present day move towards globalization.