Globalization and related technological developments have increased competition and put organizations in a struggle to survive in an extremely difficult market condition. Organizations adopt their technologies and infrastructures to today’s conditions to gain a sustainable competitive advantage and maintain their existence. However, all these efforts of organizations are easily imitated by rival companies and may cause the loss of competitive advantage.

The resource-based view provides additional information that strategic human resource is the scarce, valuable, inimitable and non-substitutable resources of organizations, thus enabling them to gain a competitive advantage. According to this view, the competitive advantage of the organization is achieved by combining valuable internal resources. Nowadays, sustainable competitive advantage is provided not by environmental factors or physical capital but by human capital (employees) efficiency. In this context, the attitudes and behaviors of employees who make up human resources are important for their organizational success. Many studies emphasize that positive attitudes and behaviors (e.g. innovative work behavior, work engagement, job satisfaction) in employees have important contributions to the success of the organization, while similarly negative attitudes and behaviors (e.g. organizational silence, turnover intention) are one of the main reasons for the failure of the organization.

In our book, literature has been created on the definition, antecedents, and organizational results of new and current concepts that are newly conceptualized in the literature and are still in their infancy. It is considered that this cumulative literature within the book will be a source for future studies on these subjects and will provide important insights for practitioners.

Bu kitap Türkiye’de daha önce çok fazla çalışılmamış olan askeri kültür konusunu farklı boyutlarıyla ele almakta ve Türk siyasal hayatındaki önemli dönüm noktalarını askeri kültürdeki değişimlerle açıklamaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu kitap Türk askeri kültürünü, devrimcilik, gardiyanlık ve apolitikleşme olarak üç farklı dönemde ele almakta, söz konusu yaklaşımı teorik bir düzene oturtmak için pozitif-demokratik, negatif-demokratik, pozitif-antidemokratik, negatif- antidemokratik ve değişken modeller olmak üzere 5 ayrı model içerisinde incelemektedir.

Finansal piyasalarda risk ölçüsü olarak kullanılan Riske Maruz Değer (VaR), belirli bir zaman periyodunda ve güven düzeyinde elde tutulan portföyün uğrayacağı maksimum kaybı para miktarı olarak ifade eder. VaR, portföyün mümkün kayıplarının istatistiksel ölçüsünü özetleyen tek bir rakam olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, yönetici kadrolarının ortaya çıkan tek bir rakama bakarak riskin karşılanabilir olup olmadığına dair karar almalarına yardımcı olmakta, dolayısıyla riskten korunmalarını sağlamaktadır. Finansal raporlarda sunulma zorunluğu bulunan VaR, piyasalarda faaliyet gösteren kurumlar tarafından da geniş kabul görmektedir.

Bu kitap finansal risk ölçümünde kullanılan VaR hesaplama yöntemlerini hem teorik hem de uygulamalı olarak ele almaktadır. Ayrıca bölüm sonlarında yer alan VaR uygulamalarına ait R kodları kitabın sonunda okuyucuya sunulmaktadır. Kitapta bulunan konular ana başlıklar ile aşağıdaki gibidir:

–      Risk Kavramı ve Ölçülmesi

–      Riske Maruz Değer (VaR)

–      Tutarlı Risk Ölçülerinin Özellikleri

–      Koşullu VaR

–      Varyans-Kovaryans Yaklaşımı

–      Tarihi Simülasyon Yaklaşımı

–      Monte Carlo Yaklaşımı

–      Hareketli Ortalamalarla Volatilile Modeli

–      Geriye Dönük Test

–      R Ugyulama Kodları

The book “Money laundering phenomenon – foundations, trends, impact and governance in banking industry” explores foundation, models (methods) to measure money laundering, trends, auditing Anti-Money Laundering structures in banking industry, AML risk assessment, impact/effects of money laundering, governance, and regulatory point of view.

The book includes some models that have been used to measure the amount of money laundering, respectively the effect of money laundering in various macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, consumption, investment, government expenditure, export and import. Moreover, there are presented some trends that may dominate in the AML field for coming years.

The strengthening of international cooperation in the field of anti-money laundering have given power to international organisations to recommend mitigating measures, standards and principles and applying them in practise, this is why in the book a special chapter is dedicated to international bodies and organisations to fight money laundering phenomenon.

Due to high importance of the AML risk assessment, as a risk management mechanism framework, a specific chapter is dedicated to it.

A special attention is dedicated to the auditing of AML structures in banking and the role of audit in general to AML field.

Last, but not least, in the book a chapter is dedicated to determinants of informal economy, since money laundering and informal economy are interconnected and needs to be studied as one of the challenges for countries.

We believe our book contributes to current literature on money laundering phenomena and that it is important for bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, and students.