Dünyanın değişik bölgelerinden birçok insan bir noktadan bir başka noktaya çeşitli nedenlerle seyahat etmektedir. İnsanlar, günlük rutinlerinden veya monoton yaşadıkları hayatlarından uzaklaşmak, kaçmak, dinlenmek, yeni yerler keşfetmek için turizm olayına katılırlar. Böylece bedenen ve ruhen rahatlayarak yeniden gündelik yaşamlarına dönerler. Tatil yapmak her yaştan insan için doğal bir haktır. 15-24 yaş arasındaki gençlerin bulundukları yerden ayrılıp, çalışma amacı dışında, gezmek, eğlenmek, eğitim almak, yeni kültürleri tanımak ve dostlar kazanmak amacıyla tatil yapmaları gençlik turizmi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Gençler enerjik yapıları nedeniyle “güneş-deniz-kum” klasik üçlü dışında, maceraya yönelik aktif spora dayalı alternatif turizm türlerini tercih ederler. Otostop yaparak sırt çantaları ile özgürce dünyayı dolaşmak isterler. Dünya barışına katkı sağlamak, geleceğe umutla bakmak için gençlik turizmi teşvik edilmeli ve desteklenmelidir.

In this book, we attempt to make a comparative evaluation of modern macroeconomic schools: Monetarism and New Classical School based on the Classical System that envisage automatic full employment or natural rate of unemployment (NRU) equilibrium (AFNE or ANRUE) vs. New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics based on the Keynesian System which gives unemployment equilibrium (UNE) or non-automatic NRU equilibrium (NANRUE) due to insufficiency of aggregate demand.

In order to determine which school is relevant, first the basic assumptions of these systems are compared: i) rational vs. adjusted vs. heterogeneous expectations, ii) existence of perfect competition in all markets leading to flexibility of prices and wages vs. imperfect competition giving rise to rigidities, and iii) presence or lack of coordination between markets.

In the final phase of our evaluations the performance of the developed economies are surveyed to establish whether we meet with AFNE or ANRUE or else UNE or NANRUE; and whether policy prescriptions devised by respective schools solve or alleviate the problem at hand when implemented.

Our investigations point out that New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian schools are more relevant compared to Monetarism and New Classical School. The choice between New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics, however, is more difficult to make although New Keynesian Economics seems more widespread than Post-Keynesian Economics. Objectively, Post-Keynesian assumptions seem more realistic; normatively, however, New Keynesian stands seems more fit to the present day move towards globalization.

Turkey and African countries decade’srelationships provides a concise and wide-ranging introduction to the subject, spanning from the earlier era of the Ottoman Empire, to the Turkish Republic and later, to the Justice and Development Party.

This is an introductory book which provides sources and materials on Turkey and African countries relations. Drawing on history from the Ottoman Empire, to Turkish Republic and the Justice and Development Party, this book provides firsthand information on their relations. Showing how Turkey and African countries that are located on different continents established relationship, it goes on to consider how they support each other at international stages. The book deals, in particular, with political, economic, social and cultural relations between Turkey and African countries; it explorers the challenges they face in military and security terms. This general introductory text benefits students, scholars and researchers eager to gain an insight into Turkey and African countries relations.

Kieran E. Uchehara was formerly a lecturer at Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey. Currently, he is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey.