In this book, we attempt to make a comparative evaluation of modern macroeconomic schools: Monetarism and New Classical School based on the Classical System that envisage automatic full employment or natural rate of unemployment (NRU) equilibrium (AFNE or ANRUE) vs. New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics based on the Keynesian System which gives unemployment equilibrium (UNE) or non-automatic NRU equilibrium (NANRUE) due to insufficiency of aggregate demand.

In order to determine which school is relevant, first the basic assumptions of these systems are compared: i) rational vs. adjusted vs. heterogeneous expectations, ii) existence of perfect competition in all markets leading to flexibility of prices and wages vs. imperfect competition giving rise to rigidities, and iii) presence or lack of coordination between markets.

In the final phase of our evaluations the performance of the developed economies are surveyed to establish whether we meet with AFNE or ANRUE or else UNE or NANRUE; and whether policy prescriptions devised by respective schools solve or alleviate the problem at hand when implemented.

Our investigations point out that New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian schools are more relevant compared to Monetarism and New Classical School. The choice between New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics, however, is more difficult to make although New Keynesian Economics seems more widespread than Post-Keynesian Economics. Objectively, Post-Keynesian assumptions seem more realistic; normatively, however, New Keynesian stands seems more fit to the present day move towards globalization.

The determinants of local government performance have long been of interest, and have been empirically investigated in a number of recent studies. A general question in this area is: why have some local governments across the countries achieved high rates of performance whilst the others remained at lower levels? Evidence from the relevant literature indicates that some local governments or municipalities, particularly in developed countries, achieve very good performance. Others, in particular those from underdeveloped or developing, have very little or almost no performance.

This research empirically investigates the budgeting conditions in North Cyprus and evaluate how budgeting conditions vary from one municipality to the other in the five major municipalities; Lefkosa, Magusa, Girne, Guzelyurt and Iskele over the period 2004Q1 to 2012Q4. Two types of methodologies are conducted. First; it empirically investigates the determinants of local government deficit by using cointegration techniques. The Johansen co-integration and The Vector Error Correction model (VECM) are applied to test the effect of each element such as own-source revenue, grants, expenditures and debt services on the budget deficit. Second, the study test the convergence hypothesis if similar regions within the country converge to the same long-run steady state by considering five major Cypriot municipalities in the North Cyprus economy.

The results from the empirical analysis on budget deficit findings show that there is evidence of a long-run relationship between general deficit and its determinants. The evidence of causality is found from expenditure and debt to general deficit for Lefkosa municipality. There is unidirectional causality from grant and revenue through deficit for Magusa municipality. Third empirical analysis on convergence introduced that the municipalities with the lowest number of people per staff, commonly diverge from the group mean.

2007 yılı sonundan itibaren gelişmiş ülkeleri etkisi altına alan sistemik kriz, o dönemde uygulanmakta olan para politikası ve ihtiyati önlemlerin sorgulanmasına yol açmıştır. Benzer bir krizin gelecekte tekrar yaşanmaması için gereken politikalar üzerine düşünülmüş ve kriz öncesinde geçerli olan uygulamalar yerini finansal istikrarı ön plana alan yeni bir düzene bırakmıştır.

Bu kitap söz konusu yeni düzende, para politikası ve makro ihtiyati politikaların özellikle yükselen piyasa ekonomilerinde parasal ve finansal istikrarsızlıkla mücadeledeki rolünü irdelemektedir. İlk bölüm, makro ihtiyati politikanın ortaya çıkışı ve uygulanmasıyla beraber ortaya çıkan zorluklara karşı alınan önlemler üzerine yapılan tartışmaları ele almaktadır. İkinci bölüm, yükselen piyasa ekonomilerine özgü şoklardan kaynaklanan finansal kırılganlığa karşı para politikası ve makro ihtiyati politikanın tepkisini genel denge modelleri çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Üçüncü kısımda ise bu teorik analiz, örnek yükselen piyasa ekonomilerindeki farklı uygulamaların incelenmesi ve gelişmiş ülke uygulamaları ile karşılaştırmasıyla tamamlanmıştır. Son bölümde, Türkiye2nin finansal istikrarsızlıkla mücadele etmek ve sistemik krizi önlemek üzere uyguladığı para politikası ve makro ihtiyati politika incelenmiştir.

Analitik ve kurumsal çerçeveyi çizerken, aynı zamanda somut parasal ve finansal istikrar politikaları örneklerine yer veren bu kitap, genç araştırmacıları finansal makroiktisat literatürüyle tanıştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca kitapta sunulan veriler ve ülke örnekleri güncel iktisadi olaylara merak duyan her kesimden okuyucuya hitap etmektedir.