The book “Digital Transformation in Banking Industry – Financial Security, Audit and Business Perspective” explores the effect of digital transformation on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime by focusing on digital Know Your Client (eKYC), artificial intelligence in AML, crypto currency, and virtual assets by drawing attention on ongoing compliance challenges in “virtual assets era”. Furthermore, it explores Fintechs and future of conventional banking as well as remote auditing in banking industry.

This edition explores Fintechs and the future of conventional banking. This is to examine the Fintech structures that have recently gained great importance in the world and to evaluate the possible effects of the developments on traditional banking in the future. Considering the innovations that Fintech structures bring to payment systems, their impact on credit markets and the structure of blockchain-linked contracts, it is expected that they will have greater effects on the financial system in the future. In this context, the book analysis the effects of these structures on traditional banking by including the recent literature on the subject.

Remote auditing is one of the common methods that is suitable for today’s world with its flexible and technology-based structure. In our book we have dedicated a chapter which explores remote auditing (also known as virtual audit) and challenges as well as advantages of applying it.

A chapter is dedicated to AML Programs in Banking Industry in Covid-19 Era, which identifies challenges, good practices, and policy reactions to new ML/TF risks which can be also defined as financial security risks arising during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and due to impact of digital transformation in banking industry.

A special attention is dedicated to the artificial intelligence in AML structures in banking and the role of artificial intelligence for detecting money laundering cases by decreasing the number of “false alerts” and increasing the quality of “real matches”. The book explores the role of artificial intelligence on increasing the efficiency and decreasing the manual work on daily basis for AML Compliance Officers.

The book explores virtual currency and blockchain by identifying ongoing compliance challenges from decentralized platforms, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchangers, anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies, and “jurisdictional arbitrage” (the ability of criminal actors to route their activity through countries with weak AML/CFT regimes). Blockchain/ Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) applications aside, certain properties of Virtual Currencies (including VCs associated with Initial Coin Offering – ICOs) entail special Financial Crimes Compliance (FCC) risks, some of which are detailed in our book.

Nowadays the Digital Identity (DI) services help financial institutions, especially banking industry, to offer several services efficiently and properly to their clients. By keeping this in mind, the measures for Covid-19, offering services in distance remains the best solution in the market. The DI provides provable and sharable identity, which is particularly important when on-boarding clients but also has a key protection role to play when users are transacting. In our book we have dedicated a chapter related to digital ID system and eKYC.

We believe this edition contributes to current literature for the effect of digital transformation in banking industry from the financial security, audit and business perspective and it is important for compliance officers and bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, students, and professionals in the field of compliance.

The Belt and Road Initiative is the most ambitious project in the 21^st century. Its main goals are infrastructure development, financial integration, people to people connectivity. Developing countries which desperately need infrastructure upgrade welcomed Chinese investments, finding an opportunity to be connected to global economy. Although economic and political consequences are discussed in the literature, the spatial consequences of the Belt and Road Initiative are neglected. The Belt and Road Initiative lays out six main economic corridors, reconfiguring the space across the continents. Eurasia, where three of six economic corridors pass through, is mostly affected by this spatial process. The countries in Eurasia are linked with corridors on which dry ports, special economic zones, and free trade areas are set up. This signifies new spatial characteristics in Eurasia.

Turkey and African countries decade’srelationships provides a concise and wide-ranging introduction to the subject, spanning from the earlier era of the Ottoman Empire, to the Turkish Republic and later, to the Justice and Development Party.

This is an introductory book which provides sources and materials on Turkey and African countries relations. Drawing on history from the Ottoman Empire, to Turkish Republic and the Justice and Development Party, this book provides firsthand information on their relations. Showing how Turkey and African countries that are located on different continents established relationship, it goes on to consider how they support each other at international stages. The book deals, in particular, with political, economic, social and cultural relations between Turkey and African countries; it explorers the challenges they face in military and security terms. This general introductory text benefits students, scholars and researchers eager to gain an insight into Turkey and African countries relations.

Kieran E. Uchehara was formerly a lecturer at Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey. Currently, he is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey.

Finansal piyasalarda risk ölçüsü olarak kullanılan Riske Maruz Değer (VaR), belirli bir zaman periyodunda ve güven düzeyinde elde tutulan portföyün uğrayacağı maksimum kaybı para miktarı olarak ifade eder. VaR, portföyün mümkün kayıplarının istatistiksel ölçüsünü özetleyen tek bir rakam olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, yönetici kadrolarının ortaya çıkan tek bir rakama bakarak riskin karşılanabilir olup olmadığına dair karar almalarına yardımcı olmakta, dolayısıyla riskten korunmalarını sağlamaktadır. Finansal raporlarda sunulma zorunluğu bulunan VaR, piyasalarda faaliyet gösteren kurumlar tarafından da geniş kabul görmektedir.

Bu kitap finansal risk ölçümünde kullanılan VaR hesaplama yöntemlerini hem teorik hem de uygulamalı olarak ele almaktadır. Ayrıca bölüm sonlarında yer alan VaR uygulamalarına ait R kodları kitabın sonunda okuyucuya sunulmaktadır. Kitapta bulunan konular ana başlıklar ile aşağıdaki gibidir:

–      Risk Kavramı ve Ölçülmesi

–      Riske Maruz Değer (VaR)

–      Tutarlı Risk Ölçülerinin Özellikleri

–      Koşullu VaR

–      Varyans-Kovaryans Yaklaşımı

–      Tarihi Simülasyon Yaklaşımı

–      Monte Carlo Yaklaşımı

–      Hareketli Ortalamalarla Volatilile Modeli

–      Geriye Dönük Test

–      R Ugyulama Kodları

Bu çalışmanın temel konusu internet ve e-ticarettir. Tarihsel sürece baktığımızda, internetin temellerinin günümüz kullanımından çok farklı bir amaç için atıldığı görülmektedir. Başlangıçta belirli bir kesime hitap eden internet zaman içerisinde herkesin kullanımına açılmıştır. İnternetin herkes tarafından kullanılmaya başlaması ise girişimcilere yeni ufuklar açmıştır. Bu bağlamda firmalar önemli ölçüde ürün ve hizmetlerinin satış ve pazarlamasını sanal ağlara taşımışlardır. Zamanla e-ticaret olarak adlandırılan sanal ağlar üzerinden yapılan ticarete güven artmış ve önemli bir ticaret platformu haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde internet ve e-ticaret birlikte gelişmektedir. İnternette meydana gelen gelişmeler e-ticareti etkilerken, e-ticarette meydana gelen gelişmeler de interneti etkilemektedir.

Bu çalışma üç temel bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde internet ve e-ticaret kavramları açıklanmış ve bu kavramların birleşenleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, e-ticaretin gelişmesine yönelik dünyada ve Türkiye’de yapılan temel çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise internet ve e-ticaret ile ilgili sayısal veriler derlenerek zaman içerisinde internet ve e-ticarette meydana gelen değişmeler vurgulanmıştır.