International Security and Terrorism analyses contemporary issues in international orders. This book assesses the terrorist attacks which were organised in African, Asian, European and Middle Eastern countries in detail. Therefore, it provides a comprehensive understanding for academics, practitioners, researchers, students and readers who are interested in international security and terrorism. It utilises data about casualties, attack types and countries that exposed terrorism. The book critically examines terrorism, traditional counter-terrorism tactics, securitisation and the new terrorism. It focuses on religiously-motivated terrorist groups, e.g. al-Qaeda, ISIS, Boko Haram and al-Shabaab.

Aytaç Kadıoğlu is an assistant professor of politics and international relations at the Middle East Institute, Sakarya University. Kadıoğlu received his BA at Istanbul University, MA in International Relations at the University of Leicester and Ph.D. in International Relations at the University of Nottingham. His expertise includes security studies, conflict resolution, international terrorism and counter-terrorism studies.

In this book, we attempt to make a comparative evaluation of modern macroeconomic schools: Monetarism and New Classical School based on the Classical System that envisage automatic full employment or natural rate of unemployment (NRU) equilibrium (AFNE or ANRUE) vs. New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics based on the Keynesian System which gives unemployment equilibrium (UNE) or non-automatic NRU equilibrium (NANRUE) due to insufficiency of aggregate demand.

In order to determine which school is relevant, first the basic assumptions of these systems are compared: i) rational vs. adjusted vs. heterogeneous expectations, ii) existence of perfect competition in all markets leading to flexibility of prices and wages vs. imperfect competition giving rise to rigidities, and iii) presence or lack of coordination between markets.

In the final phase of our evaluations the performance of the developed economies are surveyed to establish whether we meet with AFNE or ANRUE or else UNE or NANRUE; and whether policy prescriptions devised by respective schools solve or alleviate the problem at hand when implemented.

Our investigations point out that New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian schools are more relevant compared to Monetarism and New Classical School. The choice between New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics, however, is more difficult to make although New Keynesian Economics seems more widespread than Post-Keynesian Economics. Objectively, Post-Keynesian assumptions seem more realistic; normatively, however, New Keynesian stands seems more fit to the present day move towards globalization.

Önsözden

Tüm bu çalışmalarımda gözlemlediğim ilk konu, teknolojik gelişmeler ve müşteri ihtiyaçları nedeni ile nakit yönetimi dünyasının hep dinamik olduğudur. İkinci konu ise, finansal okuryazarlık konusunda özellikle küçük işletmelere ve hane halkına yönelik çok fazla çalışma yapılması gerekliliğidir. Türkiye özelinde sermaye piyasalarının gelişimi adına, işletmelerin büyümesi ve sürdürülebilirliği adına nakit yönetiminin finansal yönetimin altındaki en önemli başlık olduğu kanaatindeyim. Borsa İstanbul’un toplam piyasa değerinin Facebook’un piyasa değerinden düşük olmasının nedeni Türkiye’deki işletmelerin, bankacılık sistemi dâhil, ölçeğinin küçük kalmasıdır. Bunun nedeni ise, başta KOBİ’lerde finansal yönetim ve nakit yönetimi esaslarına olan hâkimiyetin düşüklüğüdür. Uluslarararası bir finans merkezi olmak isteyen İstanbul’un Avusturya İktisat Okulu, Wharton, Harvard Business School, London School of Economics gibi bir iktisadi yönetim ekolü (doktrini, okulu) olması gerekliliğine inancım doğrultusunda, bu ilk kitabımda deneyimlerimden hareketle nakit yönetiminin önemini aktarmaya çalıştım