Kurumsallaşma kavramı, büyük ve büyümekte olan işletmelerin, kişilere (işletme sahibi, patron) bağlı olmadan, örgüt içerisinde kurallara dayalı bir sistem kurularak faaliyetlerini devam ettirmesi ve gelecek kuşaklara da aktarması açısından oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu duruma istinaden, her yıl ağırladığı turist sayısı bakımından dünyada ilk on ülke içinde yer alan ve Akdeniz çanağının en kaliteli otellerine sahip olan Türkiye’deki otel işletmelerinin daha kurumsal bir anlayışla idare edilmesi ve faaliyetlerini sürdürmesi kaçınılmaz bir zorunluluktur. Bu çalışma, turizm sektörünün üç önemli sacayağından (tripot) biri niteliğinde olan otel işletmelerinde çalışan işgörenlerin kurumsallaşma algı düzeylerini tespit etmek ve kurumsallaşma algılarının farklı değişkenler açısından farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

The book “Digital Transformation in Banking Industry – Financial Security, Audit and Business Perspective” explores the effect of digital transformation on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime by focusing on digital Know Your Client (eKYC), artificial intelligence in AML, crypto currency, and virtual assets by drawing attention on ongoing compliance challenges in “virtual assets era”. Furthermore, it explores Fintechs and future of conventional banking as well as remote auditing in banking industry.

This edition explores Fintechs and the future of conventional banking. This is to examine the Fintech structures that have recently gained great importance in the world and to evaluate the possible effects of the developments on traditional banking in the future. Considering the innovations that Fintech structures bring to payment systems, their impact on credit markets and the structure of blockchain-linked contracts, it is expected that they will have greater effects on the financial system in the future. In this context, the book analysis the effects of these structures on traditional banking by including the recent literature on the subject.

Remote auditing is one of the common methods that is suitable for today’s world with its flexible and technology-based structure. In our book we have dedicated a chapter which explores remote auditing (also known as virtual audit) and challenges as well as advantages of applying it.

A chapter is dedicated to AML Programs in Banking Industry in Covid-19 Era, which identifies challenges, good practices, and policy reactions to new ML/TF risks which can be also defined as financial security risks arising during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and due to impact of digital transformation in banking industry.

A special attention is dedicated to the artificial intelligence in AML structures in banking and the role of artificial intelligence for detecting money laundering cases by decreasing the number of “false alerts” and increasing the quality of “real matches”. The book explores the role of artificial intelligence on increasing the efficiency and decreasing the manual work on daily basis for AML Compliance Officers.

The book explores virtual currency and blockchain by identifying ongoing compliance challenges from decentralized platforms, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchangers, anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies, and “jurisdictional arbitrage” (the ability of criminal actors to route their activity through countries with weak AML/CFT regimes). Blockchain/ Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) applications aside, certain properties of Virtual Currencies (including VCs associated with Initial Coin Offering – ICOs) entail special Financial Crimes Compliance (FCC) risks, some of which are detailed in our book.

Nowadays the Digital Identity (DI) services help financial institutions, especially banking industry, to offer several services efficiently and properly to their clients. By keeping this in mind, the measures for Covid-19, offering services in distance remains the best solution in the market. The DI provides provable and sharable identity, which is particularly important when on-boarding clients but also has a key protection role to play when users are transacting. In our book we have dedicated a chapter related to digital ID system and eKYC.

We believe this edition contributes to current literature for the effect of digital transformation in banking industry from the financial security, audit and business perspective and it is important for compliance officers and bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, students, and professionals in the field of compliance.

In this book, we attempt to make a comparative evaluation of modern macroeconomic schools: Monetarism and New Classical School based on the Classical System that envisage automatic full employment or natural rate of unemployment (NRU) equilibrium (AFNE or ANRUE) vs. New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics based on the Keynesian System which gives unemployment equilibrium (UNE) or non-automatic NRU equilibrium (NANRUE) due to insufficiency of aggregate demand.

In order to determine which school is relevant, first the basic assumptions of these systems are compared: i) rational vs. adjusted vs. heterogeneous expectations, ii) existence of perfect competition in all markets leading to flexibility of prices and wages vs. imperfect competition giving rise to rigidities, and iii) presence or lack of coordination between markets.

In the final phase of our evaluations the performance of the developed economies are surveyed to establish whether we meet with AFNE or ANRUE or else UNE or NANRUE; and whether policy prescriptions devised by respective schools solve or alleviate the problem at hand when implemented.

Our investigations point out that New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian schools are more relevant compared to Monetarism and New Classical School. The choice between New Keynesian and Post-Keynesian Economics, however, is more difficult to make although New Keynesian Economics seems more widespread than Post-Keynesian Economics. Objectively, Post-Keynesian assumptions seem more realistic; normatively, however, New Keynesian stands seems more fit to the present day move towards globalization.

Bu kitap Sivil havayolu taşımacılığında, ilgili dönemler açısından, Pazar payının artırılmasına yönelik sorunları araştırarak temel nedenlerin belirlenmesini ve aynı zamanda konuya yönelik çözümlerin geliştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Özellikle mevcut meseleler stratejik pazarlama yönetimi ve rekabetçi stratejiler açısından ele alınmış ve elde edilen bulgular sektörle paylaşılarak, bu konuda faaliyet gösteren şirketlere ışık tutması amaç edinilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, özellikle Dünya literatüründeki havayolu pazarlaması ve stratejileri konularında yayınlanan çalışmalardan belirli bir bölümü derlenerek, gerek Türkiye’deki “Hava Yolu Pazarlaması ve Hava Yolu Stratejileri” konularına yönelik teorideki boşluğun azaltılması gerekse de bu konuda çalışmalar yapacak havayolu firmalarına yol gösterecek fikirlerin kazanılmasına yönelik bilgi kaynağının sağlanması, Bu kitabın bir diğer amacını teşkil etmektedir.

Çalışmada, uygulama sonuçlarının irdelenmesi yapılarak; sektörde faaliyet gösteren firmaların rekabetçi açıdan daha başarılı olabilmeleri ve pazar paylarını arttırabilmeleri için; devletin, kamu ve özel havayollarının neler yapmaları gerektiğine dair bir dizi öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın dolaylı olarak ticari hava yolu şirketlerinin hem mevcut varlıklarını sürdürmelerini hem de pazar paylarını daha fazla arttırmalarına katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.

This book is written for the students of undergraduate and graduate programs of Business and Economics departments as well as for the academic researchers. It is designed especially for the students and researchers who do not have strong mathematics or statistics background. It encompasses basic to advance time series data analysis tools. Special focus is given to applications and interpretations of the results.