The book “Money laundering phenomenon – foundations, trends, impact and governance in banking industry” explores foundation, models (methods) to measure money laundering, trends, auditing Anti-Money Laundering structures in banking industry, AML risk assessment, impact/effects of money laundering, governance, and regulatory point of view.

The book includes some models that have been used to measure the amount of money laundering, respectively the effect of money laundering in various macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, consumption, investment, government expenditure, export and import. Moreover, there are presented some trends that may dominate in the AML field for coming years.

The strengthening of international cooperation in the field of anti-money laundering have given power to international organisations to recommend mitigating measures, standards and principles and applying them in practise, this is why in the book a special chapter is dedicated to international bodies and organisations to fight money laundering phenomenon.

Due to high importance of the AML risk assessment, as a risk management mechanism framework, a specific chapter is dedicated to it.

A special attention is dedicated to the auditing of AML structures in banking and the role of audit in general to AML field.

Last, but not least, in the book a chapter is dedicated to determinants of informal economy, since money laundering and informal economy are interconnected and needs to be studied as one of the challenges for countries.

We believe our book contributes to current literature on money laundering phenomena and that it is important for bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, and students.

The book “Digital Transformation in Banking Industry – Financial Security, Audit and Business Perspective” explores the effect of digital transformation on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime by focusing on digital Know Your Client (eKYC), artificial intelligence in AML, crypto currency, and virtual assets by drawing attention on ongoing compliance challenges in “virtual assets era”. Furthermore, it explores Fintechs and future of conventional banking as well as remote auditing in banking industry.

This edition explores Fintechs and the future of conventional banking. This is to examine the Fintech structures that have recently gained great importance in the world and to evaluate the possible effects of the developments on traditional banking in the future. Considering the innovations that Fintech structures bring to payment systems, their impact on credit markets and the structure of blockchain-linked contracts, it is expected that they will have greater effects on the financial system in the future. In this context, the book analysis the effects of these structures on traditional banking by including the recent literature on the subject.

Remote auditing is one of the common methods that is suitable for today’s world with its flexible and technology-based structure. In our book we have dedicated a chapter which explores remote auditing (also known as virtual audit) and challenges as well as advantages of applying it.

A chapter is dedicated to AML Programs in Banking Industry in Covid-19 Era, which identifies challenges, good practices, and policy reactions to new ML/TF risks which can be also defined as financial security risks arising during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and due to impact of digital transformation in banking industry.

A special attention is dedicated to the artificial intelligence in AML structures in banking and the role of artificial intelligence for detecting money laundering cases by decreasing the number of “false alerts” and increasing the quality of “real matches”. The book explores the role of artificial intelligence on increasing the efficiency and decreasing the manual work on daily basis for AML Compliance Officers.

The book explores virtual currency and blockchain by identifying ongoing compliance challenges from decentralized platforms, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchangers, anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies, and “jurisdictional arbitrage” (the ability of criminal actors to route their activity through countries with weak AML/CFT regimes). Blockchain/ Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) applications aside, certain properties of Virtual Currencies (including VCs associated with Initial Coin Offering – ICOs) entail special Financial Crimes Compliance (FCC) risks, some of which are detailed in our book.

Nowadays the Digital Identity (DI) services help financial institutions, especially banking industry, to offer several services efficiently and properly to their clients. By keeping this in mind, the measures for Covid-19, offering services in distance remains the best solution in the market. The DI provides provable and sharable identity, which is particularly important when on-boarding clients but also has a key protection role to play when users are transacting. In our book we have dedicated a chapter related to digital ID system and eKYC.

We believe this edition contributes to current literature for the effect of digital transformation in banking industry from the financial security, audit and business perspective and it is important for compliance officers and bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, students, and professionals in the field of compliance.

Finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin yetersiz oluşu, finansal seçim ve kararların zayıf olmasına yol açarak, bireylerin refah seviyeleri, finansal sistem ve tüm ekonomi için istenmeyen sonuçlara neden olabilmektedir. Maalesef, yapılan araştırmalar göstermektedir ki Dünya’nın finansal okuryazarlık düzeyi ortalama %33 oranında, ülkemizdeki finansal okuryazarlık düzeyi ise ancak ortalama %23,6 oranındır. Bu nedenle, finansal okuryazarlık düzeylerini yükseltmek ve tasarruf bilincinin yayılmasını sağlamak, tüm ülkelerin ekonomik ve sosyal politikaların en üst sıralarında yer almıştır.

Bu genel değerlendirmenin yanı sıra, günümüze döndüğümüzde içinde bulunduğumuz olağanüstü koşullar, bireylerin günlük finansal yaşamda aktif olarak yer almasının gerekliliğini ön plana çıkarmıştır. Küresel salgın, modern dünyada daha önce eşi benzeri görülmemiş şiddette ve büyüklükte bir krize yol açmış, belirsizlik hem tüm ekonomik sistemi hem de hane halkını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Beraberinde dijitalleşme, mobil bankacılık ve sigortacılık, e -alış veriş, evden çalışma, günlük yaşamın temel unsurları haline gelmiştir. Bu koşullarda, bireyler için tasarruf, kişisel finans, borçların ve paranın yönetimi gibi kavramlarının önemi daha da arttırmıştır.

Çalışmada, finansal okuryazar olmanın gerekliliğine ve önemine dikkat çekmek amacıyla, öncelikle finansal okuryazarlık kavramı, finansal okuryazarlığın önemi ve faydaları anlatılmış, daha sonra finansal okuryazarlığın geliştirilmesine yönelik Dünya’da ve ülkemizde yapılan çalışmalara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca, finansal okuryazarlığın unsurları olan, finansal bilgi, finansal tutum ve finansal davranış kavramları açıklanmış, finansal okuryazarlık ile finansal eğitim, finansal karar ve para yönetimi ilişkisi anlatılmış ve finansal sistemin unsurları olan finansal piyasalar ve finansal araçlar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada son olarak, ülkelerin gelişiminde önemli bir avantaj olarak görülen genç nüfusun yetişmesinde etkili ve yüksek eğitim seviyesine sahip olan akademisyenlerin, finansal davranış eğilimlerinin incelendiği bir araştırmaya yer verilmiştir.