Günümüzde küreselleşmenin en görünür olduğu yerler, hiç kuşkusuz çok sayıda insanın çalıştığı ve yaşadığı şehirlerdir. Ancak bir şehrin küresel olma unvanını kazanması için, dünyanın geri kalanını etkileyecek değerlere ve fikirlere sahip olması gerekir. Küresel şehir, önemli rekabet avantajlarına sahip olan ve küreselleşmiş bir ekonomik sistem içinde bir merkez olarak hizmet veren bir şehir merkezidir. Bugünün küresel şehirlerinin eşi görülmemiş boyutu ve ölçeği, olasılık koşullarını uluslararası sistem düzeyinde siyasi düzenin karakterindeki köklü bir değişime borçludur.

Küresel bir şehir, en büyük sermaye piyasalarına ev sahipliği yapmanın yanı sıra diğer ülkeler için zenginliğe, güce ve etkiye sahiptir. Dahası, çok uluslu zengin şirketlere, iyi altyapıya, daha iyi ekonomiye, iyi eğitimli ve çeşitli nüfusa ve güçlü organizasyonlara sahip olan ve dünyanın başka hiçbir yerinde olmadığı gibi dünyanın diğer bölgelerine bağlı iyi bir siyasi yapıya sahip bir şehir küresel olarak kabul edilir.

Understanding the behavior of asset prices is essential in evaluating investment decisions so that practitioners and academics have been investigating what assets are worth and whether asset prices are predictable. The degree of stock return predictability is a statistical concept and totally an empirical issue. In this study, we conduct an empirical application on the equity premium forecastability concept. We consider both macroeconomic and technical indicators in order to predict the equity risk premiums of selected thirteen stock markets including Belgium, Greece, Malaysia, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, Brazil, Hong-Kong, India, Russia, and South Africa. Incorporating information from all indicators including domestic and foreign macroeconomic indicators, oil price changes, and technical indicators provides in-sample fitting gains. Out-of-sample forecasting results show that the strategy of combining forecasts provides out-of-sample gains. Portfolio performance analyses suggests following the forecasts generated by the proposed models to obtain positive returns over the buy-and-hold strategy.

Globalization and related technological developments have increased competition and put organizations in a struggle to survive in an extremely difficult market condition. Organizations adopt their technologies and infrastructures to today’s conditions to gain a sustainable competitive advantage and maintain their existence. However, all these efforts of organizations are easily imitated by rival companies and may cause the loss of competitive advantage.

The resource-based view provides additional information that strategic human resource is the scarce, valuable, inimitable and non-substitutable resources of organizations, thus enabling them to gain a competitive advantage. According to this view, the competitive advantage of the organization is achieved by combining valuable internal resources. Nowadays, sustainable competitive advantage is provided not by environmental factors or physical capital but by human capital (employees) efficiency. In this context, the attitudes and behaviors of employees who make up human resources are important for their organizational success. Many studies emphasize that positive attitudes and behaviors (e.g. innovative work behavior, work engagement, job satisfaction) in employees have important contributions to the success of the organization, while similarly negative attitudes and behaviors (e.g. organizational silence, turnover intention) are one of the main reasons for the failure of the organization.

In our book, literature has been created on the definition, antecedents, and organizational results of new and current concepts that are newly conceptualized in the literature and are still in their infancy. It is considered that this cumulative literature within the book will be a source for future studies on these subjects and will provide important insights for practitioners.