Karadeniz bölgesi coğrafi konumu dolayısıyla, yüzyıllar boyunca dünya politik gündeminin üst sıralarında yer almıştır. Bu durum tüm modern jeopolitik teorilerce de onaylanmakta olup, söz konusu teorilerin tamamına göre bölge dünyanın merkezi ya da merkezin kontrolü için egemenlik altında bulundurulması gereken bir saha olarak tanımlanmaktadır. 1991 yılı sonunda SSCB’nin dağılmasıyla birlikte bölgenin dinamikleri köklü bir değişikliğe uğramış olup, iki kutuplu yapının empoze ettiği istikrar ortamı, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi, bölgede de bozulmuş ve özellikle eski SSCB topraklarında bir takım çatışmalar patlak vermiştir. 2000’li yıllarla birlikte bölgenin jeopolitik algısında da önemli bir değişiklik meydana gelmiş olup, bölge yeni devletlerin de dahil olduğu “Geniş Karadeniz” tanımı çerçevesinde algılanmaya başlanmıştır. SSCB’nin dağılmasıyla 90’lı yılların başında çatışmaya dönüşen, takiben de taraflar arasında imzalanan ateşkes anlaşmalarına karşın, henüz tatmin edici bir barışın sağlanamadığı bahsi geçen problemler halen sıcaklığını korumakta ve bazen yeni çatışmaları da tetikleyebilmektedirler. Bu noktada söz konusu problemler bölgesel güvenliğe olduğu kadar, çatışan devletlerin yanı sıra müttefikleri de göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, küresel güvenliğe de önemli bir tehdit teşkil etmektedirler. Bu nedenle kitapta, bölgesel ve küresel güvenliğe yönelik önemli bir meydan okuma teşkil eden Geniş Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki çatışma noktaları geçmişten günümüze bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

The book “Digital Transformation in Banking Industry – Financial Security, Audit and Business Perspective” explores the effect of digital transformation on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime by focusing on digital Know Your Client (eKYC), artificial intelligence in AML, crypto currency, and virtual assets by drawing attention on ongoing compliance challenges in “virtual assets era”. Furthermore, it explores Fintechs and future of conventional banking as well as remote auditing in banking industry.

This edition explores Fintechs and the future of conventional banking. This is to examine the Fintech structures that have recently gained great importance in the world and to evaluate the possible effects of the developments on traditional banking in the future. Considering the innovations that Fintech structures bring to payment systems, their impact on credit markets and the structure of blockchain-linked contracts, it is expected that they will have greater effects on the financial system in the future. In this context, the book analysis the effects of these structures on traditional banking by including the recent literature on the subject.

Remote auditing is one of the common methods that is suitable for today’s world with its flexible and technology-based structure. In our book we have dedicated a chapter which explores remote auditing (also known as virtual audit) and challenges as well as advantages of applying it.

A chapter is dedicated to AML Programs in Banking Industry in Covid-19 Era, which identifies challenges, good practices, and policy reactions to new ML/TF risks which can be also defined as financial security risks arising during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and due to impact of digital transformation in banking industry.

A special attention is dedicated to the artificial intelligence in AML structures in banking and the role of artificial intelligence for detecting money laundering cases by decreasing the number of “false alerts” and increasing the quality of “real matches”. The book explores the role of artificial intelligence on increasing the efficiency and decreasing the manual work on daily basis for AML Compliance Officers.

The book explores virtual currency and blockchain by identifying ongoing compliance challenges from decentralized platforms, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchangers, anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies, and “jurisdictional arbitrage” (the ability of criminal actors to route their activity through countries with weak AML/CFT regimes). Blockchain/ Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) applications aside, certain properties of Virtual Currencies (including VCs associated with Initial Coin Offering – ICOs) entail special Financial Crimes Compliance (FCC) risks, some of which are detailed in our book.

Nowadays the Digital Identity (DI) services help financial institutions, especially banking industry, to offer several services efficiently and properly to their clients. By keeping this in mind, the measures for Covid-19, offering services in distance remains the best solution in the market. The DI provides provable and sharable identity, which is particularly important when on-boarding clients but also has a key protection role to play when users are transacting. In our book we have dedicated a chapter related to digital ID system and eKYC.

We believe this edition contributes to current literature for the effect of digital transformation in banking industry from the financial security, audit and business perspective and it is important for compliance officers and bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, students, and professionals in the field of compliance.

Economic cybercrime is one of the unwelcomed consequences of unprecedented intrusion of the Internet in our daily lives. Academic interest in understanding the causes and adverse impacts of cybercrime is growing. Opportunity perspective, which perceives individuals’ daily routines and lifestyles as the primary facilitator of victimization, has been widely applied as a theoretical and conceptual framework in cybercrime victimization research. However, this approach put the responsibility of the victimization on victims explicitly, which hampers the application of crime prevention and reduction efforts. This book presents the Contextual Vulnerabilities approach based on the significant findings of a doctoral study conducted at Durham University in the United Kingdom. Contextual vulnerabilities approach posits that cybercrime victimization is the outcome of the confluence of contextual factors that are mostly beyond victims’ control. This approach presumes that controlling individual (micro-level), macro-level and socio-cultural vulnerabilities may prevent cybercrime victimization. Though the preliminary goal of this book is to provide a new theoretical perspective to scholars researching victimization in cyberspace, I hope the wider audience would find it informative.