Adam Smith, with “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations” published in 1776 is unanimously hailed as the founder of economics as a social science and also of “economic liberalism” or “capitalism” as it is called to contrast it with “socialism”, the latter propagated by K. Marx at a later date.

The group of economists that followed A.Smith, including such notable names as D.Ricardo, N.W.Senior, John Stuart Mill, culminating in Alfred Marshall (1890: Principles of Economics) is called the “Classical School” or alternately the “Manchester School” to refer to their place of origin. Their macroeconomic system is called the “Classical System”. Having accepted the Malthusian law of population (T.Robert Malthus: 1798 Essays on the Principle of Population) D. Ricardo had come up with a model in which growth eventually comes to a halt, moving to that point, however, all along at full employment equilibrium.This was also in line with the views of Adam Smith. Marshall had introduced the concept of elasticities and used the partial method of analysis. In contrast, Leon Walras, in his “Eléments d’Economie Pure ou Theorie de La Richesse Sociale” used the general equilibrium approach to prove that the economy arrives automatically to full employment equilibrium, following Adam Smith and the Classical School.

This book offers a summary of the basic views and conclusions of Adam Smith concerning economic regime, as is also followed by the rest of the members of the Classical School: In a milieu of perfect competition prevailing in all the markets or sectors of the economy, including the labor market, full employment equilibrium will be achieved automatically. This equilibrium will, therefore, also maximize the welfare of the workers because the market wage rate, with no intrusions from the government or the unions, will have ensured full employment. Hence, there is no need for interventionism, that is, for the state to intervene prices, wages, channeling of investments and economic decisions in general.

Intense competition, fast changing technology, increased and diverse customer demand, and fast and reliable services and goods delivery expectations have reduced the profit margins for products. To be able to obtain a sustainable economic success, companies search for ways to offer the existing products via innovative ways. Revenue management is a tool that helps firms in this purpose. On the other hand, to match and even exceed customer anticipations, firms need to understand customer preferences and offer products accordingly. Customers can now reach wide range of competitor products due to online services. Hence it became much more important to apprehend and integrate customer choices into decision support tools. At this point, choice models are used to mathematically understand the customer choice preferences among a set of presented alternatives. This book combines revenue management and choice models to present a methodology to understand customer choices and integrate these to revenue management methods to be able to offer the best set of products to the customers. Also real life applications for hotels have been presented for different methods that are discussed and also proposed in this book with respective algorithms. When combined with decision support tools, concepts presented in this book offers a significant revenue increase for companies.

Kalite, bütün sanayi dallarını ve bunlara bağlı faaliyet gösteren tüm işletmeleri ilgilendiren ortak bir kavramdır. Bu kavram temel olarak kalite mühendisliği, kalite yönetim sistemleri, kalite kontrol ve kalite güvencesi alanlarını içerse de yalnızca bunlarla sınırlı değildir. Günümüzde kalite çalışmalarının ulaşmış olduğu son nokta olan Kalite 4.0, üretim ve hizmet sektörünün dijitalleşerek yeniden yapılandırılması olarak ifade edilen Endüstri 4.0’ın temel unsurlarından biridir. Kalite 4.0 çalışmalarının temel amacı kalite kavramını Endüstri 4.0’ın kazandırdığı yetenekler ile uyumlu hale getirmektedir.

Kalite 4.0, üretim işletmelerinin tüm tedarik zinciri boyunca kalite standartlarını geliştirmelerini ve yönetmelerini sağlayan çeşitli teknoloji, prosedür ve uygulayıcıların yaygın olarak kullanıldığı bir sistemdir. İşletmelerin Kalite 4.0 uygulamalarından yararlanarak, müşterilerin memnuniyet düzeylerinde daha yüksek bir etkiye sahip olmaları beklenmektedir.

Bu kitap, yönetim tarihi boyunca birçok evrimsel aşamadan geçerek günümüze gelen Kalite 4.0’ı anlamayı ve uygulamayı hedefleyen kuruluşlar, çalışanlar ve öğrenciler için genel bir yol haritası sunmaktadır.