Finans dünyası çok hızlı bir şekilde değişmektedir. Değişimi güdüleyen başlıca güçler ise yeni teknolojilerin gelişimi ve dünya çapında finansal bağlantıların artmasıdır. İletişim maliyetlerindeki azalma, bu değişimlerin birçoğunu motive etmiştir.

Yıllardır nakit para yerine başka ödeme yöntemleri (çek, kredi kartı gibi) kullanılmaktadır. Fakat şimdi İnternet üzerinde yapılan elektronik ticaretin ortaya çıkması ile bu yöntemlerin yeterince etkin olmadıkları görünmektedir. Bu nedenle yeni elektronik ödeme sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Tüketicilere, İnternet üzerinden güvenli alışveriş yapmaları için çeşitli elektronik ödeme sistemleri sunulmaktadır. Ayrıca bazı modeller, banknot ve bozukluk para için direkt bir ikame olan ve akıllı kartlar üzerinde saklanan sanal para sağlamaktadırlar.

Sanal para ile gerçekleştirilen ödeme sistemlerinin gelişiminin sunduğu müthiş fırsatların yanında, kara para aklama, vergiden kaçınma ve senyoraj kayıpları gibi birçok yasal sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir.

The book “Digital Transformation in Banking Industry – Financial Security, Audit and Business Perspective” explores the effect of digital transformation on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime by focusing on digital Know Your Client (eKYC), artificial intelligence in AML, crypto currency, and virtual assets by drawing attention on ongoing compliance challenges in “virtual assets era”. Furthermore, it explores Fintechs and future of conventional banking as well as remote auditing in banking industry.

This edition explores Fintechs and the future of conventional banking. This is to examine the Fintech structures that have recently gained great importance in the world and to evaluate the possible effects of the developments on traditional banking in the future. Considering the innovations that Fintech structures bring to payment systems, their impact on credit markets and the structure of blockchain-linked contracts, it is expected that they will have greater effects on the financial system in the future. In this context, the book analysis the effects of these structures on traditional banking by including the recent literature on the subject.

Remote auditing is one of the common methods that is suitable for today’s world with its flexible and technology-based structure. In our book we have dedicated a chapter which explores remote auditing (also known as virtual audit) and challenges as well as advantages of applying it.

A chapter is dedicated to AML Programs in Banking Industry in Covid-19 Era, which identifies challenges, good practices, and policy reactions to new ML/TF risks which can be also defined as financial security risks arising during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and due to impact of digital transformation in banking industry.

A special attention is dedicated to the artificial intelligence in AML structures in banking and the role of artificial intelligence for detecting money laundering cases by decreasing the number of “false alerts” and increasing the quality of “real matches”. The book explores the role of artificial intelligence on increasing the efficiency and decreasing the manual work on daily basis for AML Compliance Officers.

The book explores virtual currency and blockchain by identifying ongoing compliance challenges from decentralized platforms, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchangers, anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies, and “jurisdictional arbitrage” (the ability of criminal actors to route their activity through countries with weak AML/CFT regimes). Blockchain/ Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) applications aside, certain properties of Virtual Currencies (including VCs associated with Initial Coin Offering – ICOs) entail special Financial Crimes Compliance (FCC) risks, some of which are detailed in our book.

Nowadays the Digital Identity (DI) services help financial institutions, especially banking industry, to offer several services efficiently and properly to their clients. By keeping this in mind, the measures for Covid-19, offering services in distance remains the best solution in the market. The DI provides provable and sharable identity, which is particularly important when on-boarding clients but also has a key protection role to play when users are transacting. In our book we have dedicated a chapter related to digital ID system and eKYC.

We believe this edition contributes to current literature for the effect of digital transformation in banking industry from the financial security, audit and business perspective and it is important for compliance officers and bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, students, and professionals in the field of compliance.

Globalization and related technological developments have increased competition and put organizations in a struggle to survive in an extremely difficult market condition. Organizations adopt their technologies and infrastructures to today’s conditions to gain a sustainable competitive advantage and maintain their existence. However, all these efforts of organizations are easily imitated by rival companies and may cause the loss of competitive advantage.

The resource-based view provides additional information that strategic human resource is the scarce, valuable, inimitable and non-substitutable resources of organizations, thus enabling them to gain a competitive advantage. According to this view, the competitive advantage of the organization is achieved by combining valuable internal resources. Nowadays, sustainable competitive advantage is provided not by environmental factors or physical capital but by human capital (employees) efficiency. In this context, the attitudes and behaviors of employees who make up human resources are important for their organizational success. Many studies emphasize that positive attitudes and behaviors (e.g. innovative work behavior, work engagement, job satisfaction) in employees have important contributions to the success of the organization, while similarly negative attitudes and behaviors (e.g. organizational silence, turnover intention) are one of the main reasons for the failure of the organization.

In our book, literature has been created on the definition, antecedents, and organizational results of new and current concepts that are newly conceptualized in the literature and are still in their infancy. It is considered that this cumulative literature within the book will be a source for future studies on these subjects and will provide important insights for practitioners.

Geçmişten günümüze toplumların ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel yapısından soyutlanamayan işletmeler varlıklarını sürekli kılmak adına değişen, dönüşen koşullara uymak ve içinde bulundukları toplumla iki yönlü ve anlamlı ilişkiler kurmak zorundadırlar. Kurumlar sürekli değişen ve yenilenen bu süreç içerisinde hayatta kalabilmek, sürekliliklerini sağlayabilmek ve rakiplerinden ayırt edilebilmek adına, iç ve dış hedef kitleleriyle; hızlı, doğru ve etkin işleyen bir iletişim dokusuna ve bu amaçla da bütünsel olarak etkin bir şekilde hazırlanmış, güven verici ve inandırıcı bir kimliğe gereksinim duymaktadırlar.

Güven olgusu ise etkin bir iletişimi sürecini destekleyen önemli bir faktör olmasının yanı sıra kurulan ilişkilerde karşılıklı olarak iki taraf arasında işbirliği ve uyumu sağlayan, çatışmaları azaltan bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu bağlamda kurumsal kimliğin en önemli hedeflerinden bir tanesi de tüketicilerde güven duygusu yaratmak ve bunu sürdürmektedir. Bu çerçevede kimliğe duyulan güven, tüketici ve kurum arasında kurulan ilişkinin temelini oluşturmaktadır, çünkü tüketiciler güven duydukları kurumları tercih etme ve o kurumların ürün ve hizmetlerini satın alma yoluna gitmekte ve çevrelerine tavsiye etmektedirler.

Bu doğrultuda tasarlanan kitabın ilk üç bölümünde konuyla ilgili teorik bilgiler sunulmuştur. Birinci bölümde, halkla ilişkiler bağlamında kurumsal kimlik kavramı detaylandırılmış, ikinci bölümde, kurumsal kimlik kavramı çerçevesinde güven olgusu ele alınmış, üçüncü bölümde ise, kurumsal kimlik olgusu kapsamında tüketici ve davranışları ile ilgili kavramsal çerçeve üzerinde durulmuştur. Kitabın dördüncü bölümünde ise kurumsal kimliği ve tüketici güvenini meydana getiren boyutlar dikkate alınarak, kurumsal kimliğin tüketicilerde güven oluşturmasındaki rolü üzerine yapılmış olan saha çalışmasına yer verilmiştir.

International Security and Terrorism analyses contemporary issues in international orders. This book assesses the terrorist attacks which were organised in African, Asian, European and Middle Eastern countries in detail. Therefore, it provides a comprehensive understanding for academics, practitioners, researchers, students and readers who are interested in international security and terrorism. It utilises data about casualties, attack types and countries that exposed terrorism. The book critically examines terrorism, traditional counter-terrorism tactics, securitisation and the new terrorism. It focuses on religiously-motivated terrorist groups, e.g. al-Qaeda, ISIS, Boko Haram and al-Shabaab.

Aytaç Kadıoğlu is an assistant professor of politics and international relations at the Middle East Institute, Sakarya University. Kadıoğlu received his BA at Istanbul University, MA in International Relations at the University of Leicester and Ph.D. in International Relations at the University of Nottingham. His expertise includes security studies, conflict resolution, international terrorism and counter-terrorism studies.