“Bir an sözlüklerin hiç var olmadığı bir dünya düşünelim. Duyduğunuz ya da gördüğünüz ses ya da ses dizilerini danışabileceğiniz ya da sizlere açıklayabilecek bir kaynağın olmadığı bir dünya… Sizce nasıl olurdu? Farklı kültürlerde bulunduğunuzda birilerine sorsanız dahi ne dediğini anlayabilir miydiniz?”

A.A. KOLUKISA

Halen gelişmekte olan ve son yıllarda oldukça yoğun bir kitlenin ilgi odağı haline gelen sözlük çalışmaları dünyanın pek çok yerinde çeşitli branşlardan araştırmacının dikkatini çekmektedir. Ülkemizdeki mevcut çalışmalara bakıldığında, henüz emekleme aşamasında olduğu söylenebilen bu disiplinin gelişimine katkı sağlamak amacıyla hazırlanan bu eser, öncelikle Sözlükbilimin ne olduğu sorusuna yanıt aramakta ve devamında Uzak Doğu’nun incisi olan Japonya’da hazırlanan sözlükleri mercek altına almaktadır. Japon sözlük yazım geleneğini irdeleyen eser ülkemizde bu alanda hazırlanan ilk çalışmalardandır.

Eserde, tıpkı bir Japon savaşçısı gibi belinde kuşağı ve kendine özel kutusuyla karşımıza gelen Japon sözlükleri sayı ve çeşitliliğinin fazlalığı ile bizlerin hayal gücünü zorlamaktadır…

Magical realism is an appropriate genre for the authors dealing with problematic themes such as memory because it is practical for those seeking for answers to these problematic questions that cannot be solved with empirical attitudes. In The Buried Giant, Ishiguro handles the chaotic nature of memory creating a primitive version of Britain where people’s memories are covered by a magical mist. This spell has an effect not only on individuals such as Axl and Beatrice, but also on the two ethnic groups, the Saxons and the Britons, making them forget the former enmity between them. In this regard, referring to the theoretical background of magical realism, this book aims to analyse the magical realist elements of the novel that enables Ishiguro to discuss the effects of memory loss on individuals and societies.

The aim of this book is to study William Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus (1594), Macbeth (1606), and King Lear (1608), as examples of the state of rivalry which, as the study asserts, is related to Thomas Hobbes’ theory of the state of nature, and René Girard’s theory of mimetic desire. To this end, the state of nature, mimetic desire, and the state of rivalry are studied with their origins, definitions, types, and characteristics. The state of nature refers to the state of man who is egotistic, and self-preserving. A man in this state believes in equality by birth. In this state, man is at war against one another, as there is no (or lack of) authority to keep everyone secure. However, there may be human beings who are in that state even in a civil society under the dominion of an authority. They may secretly put manipulative plans into action for personal gains. Such an authority constructs order by the help of civil laws to prevent any disobedience and civil strife. In time of disobedience, this condition may spread around like a contagious disease. Among the reasons that lead to such a conflict, for Hobbes, are competition, diffidence, and glory. These notions have parallels with mimetic desire. Mimetic desire refers to man’s mediated desire toward an object. Imitating a mediator brings forth rivalry since the desired object ascertains competition. Therefore, mimetic desire has a triangular structure: mediator as the model, the desirer, and the desired object. The study concludes that the characteristics of, and the relationship between the state of nature, and mimetic desire are conducive to the state of rivalry in Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus, Macbeth, and King Lear.