The purpose of this book is to present women’s works from different female perspectives bringing new insights into women’s literary worlds. This book composes of several articles that present different analyses and discussions on literary works written by British and American women writers offering a great range of opportunities for conducting academic research by portraying female protagonists’ lives and experiences from a female and feminist lens. The chapters of this book focus on women’s issues regarding their suppression, gender roles, motherhood, sisterhood, feminine identities, re-writing myths, and alternative lifestyles in male-dominated worlds. The women scholars in each part are analyzing different literary texts written in different genres that are written on and about female characters, their worlds, and experiences from a scholarly female standpoint.

Shklovsky wrote in 1917 that art makes the stone stony. The claim assumed a baseline, habitual language against which literature registers as friction. Formalism never measured it. By 1930 the movement was finished and the term undefined. This book treats that as unfinished business. Emrah Peksoy argues that the computational analysis of literary corpora with language models supplies what Formalism lacked. It provides an empirical description of linguistic expectation. Once the norm exists, deviation stops being a metaphor. Defamiliarization becomes predictive failure. Literariness resolves into a geometry of fiction, prestige, and foregrounding. Narrative shape becomes a semantic trajectory across the novel. Each measure is derived from theory, tested where it fails, and returned to the reader. The algorithm measures the norm and its violation. The critic still reads. And formalism returns in modern dress as computational formalism.