Turkey and African countries decade’srelationships provides a concise and wide-ranging introduction to the subject, spanning from the earlier era of the Ottoman Empire, to the Turkish Republic and later, to the Justice and Development Party.

This is an introductory book which provides sources and materials on Turkey and African countries relations. Drawing on history from the Ottoman Empire, to Turkish Republic and the Justice and Development Party, this book provides firsthand information on their relations. Showing how Turkey and African countries that are located on different continents established relationship, it goes on to consider how they support each other at international stages. The book deals, in particular, with political, economic, social and cultural relations between Turkey and African countries; it explorers the challenges they face in military and security terms. This general introductory text benefits students, scholars and researchers eager to gain an insight into Turkey and African countries relations.

Kieran E. Uchehara was formerly a lecturer at Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey. Currently, he is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey.

This study examines the effects of financial and moral incentives on employee performance within telecommunication organizations, focusing on Asiacell Company in Iraq.

The results indicate that a balanced incentive system integrating both financial and moral rewards generates higher levels of employee motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity compared to reliance on a single incentive type. Overall, the study concludes that while financial incentives are more effective in enhancing short-term performance, moral incentives—such as recognition, career development opportunities, and a supportive organizational culture—are essential for sustaining long-term employee engagement, loyalty, and innovation. Accordingly, the study recommends adopting a dual incentive strategy to strengthen sustainable performance and competitive advantage in the telecommunications sector.

SMEs have been recognized as important actors of commercial activity most specifically since the second half of the 20th century. Although understanding its customer potential has been named a top priority among many sectors, there is a limited body of knowledge regarding the buying behaviour of SME’s. Many studies and industry practices frame the context within corporate or individual buying behaviour, however few researchers mention SME’s. When mentioned they tend to tie with elitist attributes and consider them as small versions of big enterprises. Studies and industry practices are conformist and assume that SME’s buying behaviour consists of nothing but -ignoring impulsive tendencies- ‘normative’ or ‘conservative’ typologies. However, the lack of application makes this dichotomy untested, which is also what this book aims to scrutinize.

Bu kitap Türkiye sağlık sisteminin yeni modelini detaylı olarak incelerken hayata geçirilen politika transferinin nedenlerini araştırmaktadır. Politika transferi literatüründeki farklı modelleri inceleyen ve Türkiye’nin sağlık politikasının transferinin hibrit ve gönüllü bir transfer olduğunu ortaya koyan çalışma, ders çıkarma modeli ile köklü reformların sebebini açıklamaktadır. Çalışma teorik olarak bir gönüllü transfer mekanizması olan ders çıkarma modelinin öngörmediği iki etkenin – siyasi mutabakat ve kararlılık – transferdeki önemli rolünü ve ampirik olarak Türkiye sağlık reformlarının bir politika transferi olduğunu detaylı bir analizle ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen reformları incelerken literatüre hakim olan  Avrupalılaşma çalışmalarına eleştirel bir bakışla yaklaşan proje AB’nin dönüştürücü etkisine tabii olan aday ülkelerde Avrupalılaşmanın dışında farklı süreçlerin paralel olarak yürüyebileceğine örnek bir çalışma ortaya koyan proje bu kadar kapsamlı ve köklü reformların gönüllü olarak yapılabileceğine de bir örnek olmuştur.