The book “Digital Transformation in Banking Industry – Financial Security, Audit and Business Perspective” explores the effect of digital transformation on Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regime by focusing on digital Know Your Client (eKYC), artificial intelligence in AML, crypto currency, and virtual assets by drawing attention on ongoing compliance challenges in “virtual assets era”. Furthermore, it explores Fintechs and future of conventional banking as well as remote auditing in banking industry.

This edition explores Fintechs and the future of conventional banking. This is to examine the Fintech structures that have recently gained great importance in the world and to evaluate the possible effects of the developments on traditional banking in the future. Considering the innovations that Fintech structures bring to payment systems, their impact on credit markets and the structure of blockchain-linked contracts, it is expected that they will have greater effects on the financial system in the future. In this context, the book analysis the effects of these structures on traditional banking by including the recent literature on the subject.

Remote auditing is one of the common methods that is suitable for today’s world with its flexible and technology-based structure. In our book we have dedicated a chapter which explores remote auditing (also known as virtual audit) and challenges as well as advantages of applying it.

A chapter is dedicated to AML Programs in Banking Industry in Covid-19 Era, which identifies challenges, good practices, and policy reactions to new ML/TF risks which can be also defined as financial security risks arising during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis and due to impact of digital transformation in banking industry.

A special attention is dedicated to the artificial intelligence in AML structures in banking and the role of artificial intelligence for detecting money laundering cases by decreasing the number of “false alerts” and increasing the quality of “real matches”. The book explores the role of artificial intelligence on increasing the efficiency and decreasing the manual work on daily basis for AML Compliance Officers.

The book explores virtual currency and blockchain by identifying ongoing compliance challenges from decentralized platforms, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency exchangers, anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrencies, and “jurisdictional arbitrage” (the ability of criminal actors to route their activity through countries with weak AML/CFT regimes). Blockchain/ Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) applications aside, certain properties of Virtual Currencies (including VCs associated with Initial Coin Offering – ICOs) entail special Financial Crimes Compliance (FCC) risks, some of which are detailed in our book.

Nowadays the Digital Identity (DI) services help financial institutions, especially banking industry, to offer several services efficiently and properly to their clients. By keeping this in mind, the measures for Covid-19, offering services in distance remains the best solution in the market. The DI provides provable and sharable identity, which is particularly important when on-boarding clients but also has a key protection role to play when users are transacting. In our book we have dedicated a chapter related to digital ID system and eKYC.

We believe this edition contributes to current literature for the effect of digital transformation in banking industry from the financial security, audit and business perspective and it is important for compliance officers and bankers, policy makers, strategists, academics, students, and professionals in the field of compliance.

The Belt and Road Initiative is the most ambitious project in the 21^st century. Its main goals are infrastructure development, financial integration, people to people connectivity. Developing countries which desperately need infrastructure upgrade welcomed Chinese investments, finding an opportunity to be connected to global economy. Although economic and political consequences are discussed in the literature, the spatial consequences of the Belt and Road Initiative are neglected. The Belt and Road Initiative lays out six main economic corridors, reconfiguring the space across the continents. Eurasia, where three of six economic corridors pass through, is mostly affected by this spatial process. The countries in Eurasia are linked with corridors on which dry ports, special economic zones, and free trade areas are set up. This signifies new spatial characteristics in Eurasia.

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler ve küreselleşmenin etkisiyle dünya genelindeki koşullar değişmiş ve küresel bir bilgi ekonomisi ortaya çıkmıştır. Dünya ekonomisinde yaşanan bu değişimler ve oluşan fırsatlar yeni bir girişimsel toplum yaratarak, ekonomideki en küçük aktör olan girişimcinin gücünü arttırmış ve küresel ekonominin oluşumunda girişimcinin en önemli aktör konumuna gelmesini sağlamıştır. Tarihin ilk çağlarından beri yeni iş imkanları yaratmak, keşfetmek veya tanımlamak ve bu imkanları ekonomik kazanç için yeni girişimlerde kullanmak insan yaşamında daima önemli olmuştur. Bu anlamda fırsatlar, girişimcilik alanında sınır ve değişim koşullarını tanımlayan temel kavramlardan biridir. Çünkü bir fırsat olmadan girişimcilik olamaz. Potansiyel bir girişimci son derece yaratıcı ve çalışkan olabilir, fakat hedeflenen bir fırsat olmadan bu karakteristiklerle, girişimsel aktiviteler meydana gelemez. Dolayısıyla fırsatların doğasını açık bir şekilde anlamaksızın, girişimciliği geliştirmeye yönelik akılcı politika ve uygulamalar bulmak mümkün değildir. Bu nedenle girişimsel bir fırsatın nasıl anlaşıldığı ve nereden geldiğini bilmek oldukça önem arz etmektedir.