Globalization and related technological developments have increased competition and put organizations in a struggle to survive in an extremely difficult market condition. Organizations adopt their technologies and infrastructures to today’s conditions to gain a sustainable competitive advantage and maintain their existence. However, all these efforts of organizations are easily imitated by rival companies and may cause the loss of competitive advantage.

The resource-based view provides additional information that strategic human resource is the scarce, valuable, inimitable and non-substitutable resources of organizations, thus enabling them to gain a competitive advantage. According to this view, the competitive advantage of the organization is achieved by combining valuable internal resources. Nowadays, sustainable competitive advantage is provided not by environmental factors or physical capital but by human capital (employees) efficiency. In this context, the attitudes and behaviors of employees who make up human resources are important for their organizational success. Many studies emphasize that positive attitudes and behaviors (e.g. innovative work behavior, work engagement, job satisfaction) in employees have important contributions to the success of the organization, while similarly negative attitudes and behaviors (e.g. organizational silence, turnover intention) are one of the main reasons for the failure of the organization.

In our book, literature has been created on the definition, antecedents, and organizational results of new and current concepts that are newly conceptualized in the literature and are still in their infancy. It is considered that this cumulative literature within the book will be a source for future studies on these subjects and will provide important insights for practitioners.

This book is about economic growth and development through a new way of analysis. It is a research that explains many phenomena seen in the growth process such as productivity, economic stagnation, under-investment, ineffectiveness of foreign aid, wage trends, factor flows and concentrations, technology adoption, and convergence by “relational analysis”.

Relational analysis is a general alternative analysis that focuses on the relationships between factors and uses their vital consequences to extract knowledge rather than ignore them artificially and fatally. It emphasizes that there are important interrelationships between factors such as complementarity, substitution, embodiment, directing, input-output, and facilitation. Taking into account the relations enable to get more complete and accurate answers to important questions, especially in applied works that require real predictions such as forecasting and policy formulation. The analysis can be fruitfully applied in any field, and as the growth analysis shows it fundamentally enriches the ideas, and protect from misleading assumptions.

In the book the readers will find:

– Origins and alternative definitions of complementarity and substitutions,

– Eleven implications of these relationships for economic growth and development,

– Many explanations and references for inferences regarding growth accounting, poverty traps and thresholds, multiple eqilibria, obsolescence, financial development, growth accelerations, imitations and barriers, and empirical anaysis.

The book is for anyone looking for an alternative way to learn about the basics of the growth process. Researchers, students, and staffs at universities and research institutions and other social scientists in government, business, international organizations should greatly benefit from reading the book.

Bu kitap dünyada son yıllarda yaygınlaşan belediyelerde inovasyon ve living labler üzerine yapılan ilk bilimsel çalışmanın ürünüdür. Belediyelerde inovasyonun anlaşılması, yaygın hale getirilmesi sürecine katkı sağlamak ve living lab oluşumunun inovasyon aracı olarak kullanılabilirliğinin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır.

Belediyelerde inovasyon, yerel hizmetlerin niteliğinin artırılması için ürün veya hizmetlerde, operasyonel veya organizasyonel süreçlerde veya iletişim yöntemlerinde etkililiği ve verimliliği artıracak değişiklikleri ifade etmektedir. Belediyelerde inovasyon aynı zamanda; hızla gelişen teknoloji karşısında yerel halkın değişen ve gelişen taleplerine ve beklentilerine çözüm üretmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş ürün ve hizmetler sunmak olarak da görülebilir.

Vatandaşların artan talep ve beklentilerine cevap verebilmek, bütçe kısıtı, standart çözümlerin yetersiz kalması nedeniyle belediyelerde inovasyon yapma ihtiyacını gün geçtikçe artırmaktadır.

Yaşamın akışı içinde vatandaşın talep, sorun ve ihtiyaçlarını en iyi ve en doğru şekilde tespit edecek, değişimi yakalayarak uygulayacağı politikalar ve sunacağı hizmetlerle çözüm yaratacak olan kurumlar olan belediyelerde inovasyonun gerekliliği hızlandırıcı etki yapan living labi gündeme getirmiştir. Living lab belediyelerde inovasyonu hızlandırıcı etkisi ile kurulması tavsiye edilen araç konumundadır. Vatandaşların belediye ile birlikte ortak ihtiyaçlarına inovasyonla çözüm bulması, teknolojik gelişmelerden haberdar olması ve hizmet, süreç, ürün inovasyonu gibi inovasyonları yapması living lab ortamı ile mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda living labin varlığı belediye inovasyonunu hızlandırıcı etkisi yönüyle gereklilik arz etmektedir.