“Originally published in 1896.”

In the following pages my aim has been to sketch the development of criticism, and particularly of critical method, in England; and to illustrate each phase of its growth by one or two samples taken from the most typical writers. I have in no way attempted to make a full collection of what might be thought the most striking pieces of criticism to be found in our literature.

Owing to the great wealth of such writing produced during the last sixty years, it is clearly impossible to give so complete a picture of what has been done in this period as in others. I am obliged to content myself with one specimen of one writer. But that is the writer who, in the opinion of many, is the most remarkable of all English critics. For the permission, so kindly granted, to include the Essay on Sandro Botticelli I desire to offer my sincerest thanks to Messrs. Macmillan and to the other representatives of the late Mr. Pater.

It may seem strange to close a volume of literary criticism with a study on the work and temperament of a painter. I have been led to do so for more than one reason. A noticeable tendency of modern criticism, from the time of Burke and Lessing, has been to break down the barrier between poetry and the kindred arts; and it is perhaps well that this tendency should find expression in the following selection. But a further reason is that Mr. Pater was never so much himself, was never so entirely master of his craft, as when interpreting the secrets of form and colour. Most of all was this the case when he had chosen for his theme one who, like Botticelli, “is before all things a poetical painter”.

1. E. VAUGHAN

February, 1896.

Meditating on the works of contemporary American poets and environmental activists Gary Snyder and W. S. Merwin, Barış Ağır explores the traces of two central cultures, the American Indian and Buddhism, in Snyder’s and Merwin’s poetics. The book culminates in a discussion of these poets’ new mythic sense derived from non-Western origin which ultimately deconstructs the anthropocentric ethics and values of Western culture.

Barış Ağır is an Assistant Professor of English Literature at Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Turkey.

XIX. yüzyıl, Osmanlı toplum hayatında görülen değişikliklerin şüphesiz edebiyata da yansıdığı bir dönem olmuştur. Dönem içerisinde her ne kadar Divan edebiyatı mahsullerine rastlasak da bu eserler -istisnalar hariç- geçmişin sağlam temellerine dayalı edebiyatın numuneleri olmaktan öteye gidememiştir. Edebiyat tarihimizin önemli bir kısmını kapsayan bu dönemde çok sayıda şair yetişmiştir. Kaynaklarda ismine rastlansa da üzerine henüz akademik anlamda çalışma yapılmamış, eseri ortaya konmamış çok sayıda şair olduğu bir gerçektir. Ârif de sayısı bilinmeyen, gün yüzüne çıkmayı bekleyen şairlerden yalnızca biridir.

Elinizdeki bu kitabın konusu, XIX. yüzyıl divan şairlerinden Ârif ve onun Dîvân’ıdır. Kaynaklarda hayatı hakkında herhangi bir bilgiye ulaşılamayan Ârif’in kasidelerindeki bilgilerden hareketle II. Abdülhamit dönemi şairlerinden olduğu söylenebilir. Mecmua taramaları sırasında karşılaşılan Dîvân’ın bugün için bilinen tek nüshası bulunmaktadır. Dîvân kayıtlara sehven XVIII. yüzyıl divan şairlerinden Ârif Abdülbâkî Efendi (1642-1713) Dîvânı olarak geçmiştir.