Underlying all these questions of right is the question how they are to be secured and maintained. By enforcing the responsibility of the executive and legislature to the community as a whole? Such is the general answer, and it indicates one of the lines of connection between the general theory of liberty and the doctrine of universal suffrage and the sovereignty of the people. The answer, however, does not meet all the possibilities of the case. The people as a whole might be careless of their rights and incapable of managing them. They might be set on the conquest of others, the expropriation of the rich, or on any form of collective tyranny or folly. It is perfectly possible that from the point of view of general liberty and social progress a limited franchise might give better results than one that is more extended. Even in this country it is a tenable view that the extension of the suffrage in 1884 tended for some years to arrest the development of liberty in various directions. On what theory does the principle of popular sovereignty rest, and within what limits does it hold good? Is it a part of the general principles of liberty and equality, or are other ideas involved? These are among the questions which we shall have to examine.

1. T. HOBHOUSE – 1911

Ekonomik sistemin işleyişinde geleneksel finans sisteminin araçlarını ilk keşfeden ve kullanan ekonomiler, ülkelerine önemli katkılar sağlamışlardır. Finansal sistemden ilk yararlanabilen bu ekonomilerde oluşturulan kaydi para yaratma mekanizması veya yürütülen aşırı liberalizasyon uygulamalarıyla kullanılan genişletici para ve maliye politikaları, o ülkelerin kalkınmalarında ve büyümelerinde başarılı olmuştur. Bu başarının nedenlerini anlamak için öncelikle şu soruların cevaplarının verilmesi gerekir:

·         Bu ekonomilerin muvaffakiyetindeki asıl güç, reel sektör veya aracılık fonksiyonunu yerine getiren finansal sistem midir?

·         Bugünün finans merkezi durumundaki ülkelerin başarılarının temel kaynağı nedir?

·         Orada başarılı olan ekonomik faaliyetler mi yoksa finansal sektör müdür?

·         Finansal sektöre ne zaman ve niçin ihtiyaç duyulmuştur?

·         Bir ülkenin parasının değerini ne belirler?

The change of the geopolitical realities, the emergence of new regional dynamics and the perception of security in Central Asia have also changed current perspectives in the region. Fully revised and updated to cover the latest informations and developments, the book will provide comprehensive, accessible and successful introduction for those who are interested in the Central Asia region. As the editors, we have filled a long-neglected gap by producing a volume that authoritatively covers the states of the region. The book will become a definitive text for the teaching as it presents in-depth explorations of systemic and sophisticated way of understanding the actors and processes and offers case study encompassing many subjects about Central Asia. It conbines old and new perspectives with discerning care.

This book –The Changing Perspectives of Central Asia in the 21^st Century- has provided readers with prominent knowledge of independence period, actors, minority issues, nation-state building process, energy, security, water, boundary, regional integration and foreign policies of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan with each other and with Russia, China, America, the EU and Turkey. The book claims that geopolitical realities, regional dynamics and the perception of security in Central Asia have changed. Thus, the book focuses on environmental degradation, cyber insecurity and social unrest triggered by sovereign debt traps. These discussions highlight the necessity to reconsider the traditional perception of security as the analysis has to go beyond the state to address a wide range of security threats.

Dr. Murat YORULMAZ is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management and Organization at Trakya University, Edirne.

Dr. Serdar YILMAZ is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla.