The second book of Comparative Studies Series is aimed to write on various great literary figures. Studies in Contemporary Comparative Literature in the world are briefly introduced. Two great writers’ works, Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist from English literature and Yaşar Kemal’s Sarı Sıcak from Turkish literature, are compared. Film adaptation of the book The Queen Victoria which tells about one of the greatest queens of England is studied with similarities and differences. Famous novels The White Castle by Orhan Pamuk and Chatterton by Peter Ackroyd are analysed in terms of historiographic metafictional aspects. It is great pleasure to contribute to the literary world with a new study.

Bolu’da Halvetîlik denildiği zamân ilk akla gelen meşhûr mutasavvıflar Mudurnulu Dâvûd El-Halvetî, Kemâl Ümmî, Mustafâ Konrapavî, Göynüklü Akşemseddîn ve Ömer Sikkîn Dede gibi bazı âbide şahsiyetlerdir. Bolu merkezden Mustafâ Safî Efendi, Nasrullâh Sırrı Efendi, Muhammed Reşid Efendi, Gerede’den Aziz Halîl Efendi, Geredeli Abdullâh Efendi ve Mudurnu’dan Halîl Rahmi Efendi ise yine son dönemin önemli Halvetî şeyhleridirler. Mustafâ Safî-i Âmedî Efendi, tarîkat-i Halvetiyyenin dört ana kolundan Cemâliyye koluna bağlıdır. Bu kolun aşağıya doğru şubelenişine bakılacak olursa Halvetiyye-i Şa’bâniyyenin Nasûhiyye şubesinden ayrılan Çerkeşiyye şubesi Mustafa Safî Efendinin de yetiştiği şubedir ancak halîfeliğini aldığı şube ise Halîliyye şubesi olmuştur. Bolu’ya Çerkeşîlik, Şeyh Mustafâ Safî Efendi tarafından Aktaş Dergâhı vâsıtasıyla getirilmiş ve 1813-1846 yılları arası 33 sene boyunca şehir hayatına hâkim kılınmıştır. Safî Efendi, Halvetiyye içerisinde ayrı bir kol kurmamıştır. Tarîkat adabında her dâim Çerkeşî usûlü ile Şeyh Şa’bân-ı Velî’ye bağlı kalınmıştır.

The aim of this book is to shed light on dystopia within the circle of twentieth century literature by analysing the development of totalitarianism and its detrimental effects, such as dehumanisation and social unrest that shattered the unity of society in three basic forms as reflected in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies (1953), George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). Thus, it explores the beginning of totalitarianism resulted from an inborn instinctive drive as reflected in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies (1953) first, then its formation and rise in George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945), then finally the ill effects of it in both society and in individuals in Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949). Totalitarianism, together with “Fascism”, in the twentieth century can be confined to the period between 1922 and 1975. It starts with Mussolini; is followed by Hitler and Stalin, then ends with the death of Franco. It was during the rule of totalitarians that all ideals promising peace were abused to claim the rule, terror and fear factors were resorted to secure a totalitarian power at the expense of millions of deaths, torture and social unrest. In these novels, William Golding and George Orwell criticise how totalitarianism is established, and maintained by fear, manipulation and terror in the twentieth century.