Shklovsky wrote in 1917 that art makes the stone stony. The claim assumed a baseline, habitual language against which literature registers as friction. Formalism never measured it. By 1930 the movement was finished and the term undefined. This book treats that as unfinished business. Emrah Peksoy argues that the computational analysis of literary corpora with language models supplies what Formalism lacked. It provides an empirical description of linguistic expectation. Once the norm exists, deviation stops being a metaphor. Defamiliarization becomes predictive failure. Literariness resolves into a geometry of fiction, prestige, and foregrounding. Narrative shape becomes a semantic trajectory across the novel. Each measure is derived from theory, tested where it fails, and returned to the reader. The algorithm measures the norm and its violation. The critic still reads. And formalism returns in modern dress as computational formalism.

This book presents a vivid portrayal of an apocalyptic and catastrophic future, focussing on the consequences of humanity’s misuse of natural resources through the lens of ecocriticism. Compromising ten chapters, the book explores the concept of the ecological crisis as depicted in contemporary literature, particularly in novels and theatrical plays. The chapters feature works from British, American, and Canadian literature by scholars offering fresh perspectives on ecocriticism. Each part examines humanity’s survival stories set in contemporary contexts, often within the genres of science fiction and apocalyptic fiction, serving as warnings about a potentially devastating future. The book underscores the catastrophic outcomes and potential of chaos that could arise from humanity’s exploitation of natural resources. As the chapters unfold, these diverse scholarly contributions raise awareness of a global issue while illuminating the interconnected fates of nature, society, and humanity underscoring the urgent need for change before this impending crisis becomes a harsh reality.